Permanent Teeth

Question 1

what is infraction

Answer 1

incomplete fracture of enamel without loss of tooth structure

Question 2

what is the treatment of infraction

Answer 2

etch and seal with resin to prevent discolouration if there are marked infraction lines

Question 3

what is enamel fracture

Answer 3

complete fracture of enamel
loss of enamel
no sign of dentine
not TTP
normal mobility
positive sensibility

Question 4

what are the radiographic findings of enamel fracture

Answer 4

enamel loss visible

Question 5

what is the treatment of enamel fracture

Answer 5

bond tooth fragment back or composite restoration

Question 6

what is the follow-up for enamel fracture

Answer 6

6-8weeks
1 year

Question 7

for any crown fracture what is the favourable outcome

Answer 7

asymptomatic
positive response to pulp testing
continuing root development in immature teeth

Question 8

what is an enamel dentine fracture

Answer 8

fracture confined to enamel and dentine
not TTP
normal mobility
positive sensibility

Question 9

what are the radiographic findings from enamel dentine fracture

Answer 9

enamel and dentine loss if visible

Question 10

what is the treatment of enamel dentine fracture

Answer 10

bond tooth fragment back on
provisional treatment by covering exposed dentine with GI
permanent restoration with composite
if can see pulp place CaOH

Question 11

what is the follow-up for enamel dentine fracture

Answer 11

6-8 weeks
1 year

Question 12

what is enamel dentine pulp fracture

Answer 12

fracture involving enamel and dentine with loss of tooth structure and exposure of pulp
normal mobility
not TTP
sensitive to stimuli

Question 13

what is the radiographic findings of an enamel dentine pulp fracture

Answer 13

loss of enamel and dentine

Question 14

what is the treatment of enamel dentine pulp fracture in immature teeth

Answer 14

pulp capping or partial pulpotomy with CaOH placement

Question 15

what is the treatment of enamel dentine pulp fracture in mature teeth

Answer 15

root canal treatment

Question 16

what is the follow up for enamel dentine pulp fracture

Answer 16

6-8 weeks
1 year

Question 17

what is crown-root fracture without pulpal exposure

Answer 17

fracture involving enamel, dentine and cementum not exposing pulp
crown fracture below gingival margin
TTP
coronal fragment mobile
positive sensibility

Question 18

what is the emergency treatment of crown-root fracture without pulpal exposure

Answer 18

temporary stabilisation of loose segment to adjacent teeth

Question 19

what is the non-emergency treatment of crown-root fracture without pulpal exposure

Answer 19

fragment removal only
fragment removal and gingivectomy
orthodontic extrusion of apical fragment
surgical extrusion
root submergence
extraction

Question 20

what is crown root and pulp exposure fracture

Answer 20

fracture with enamel, dentine, cementum and pulp
TTP
coronal fragment mobile

Question 21

what is the emergency treatment of crown root fracture with pulp

Answer 21

stabilise mobile parts
preserve pulp vitality in young patients
RCT in mature patients

Question 22

what is root fracture

Answer 22

crown may be mobile
TTP
bleeding from sulcus
negative sensibility
crown discolouration

Question 23

what is the treatment of root fracture

Answer 23

reposition coronal fragment
check position radiographically
stabilise with flexible splint for 4 weeks
monitor pulpal healing

Question 24

what is the follow up for root fracture

Answer 24

4 weeks splint removal
6-8 weeks
6 months
1 year
5 years

Question 25

what is alveolar fracture

Answer 25

segment mobility and dislocation with several teeth moving together
occlusal change

Question 26

what is the treatment of alveolar fracture

Answer 26

reposition displaced segment and splint
suture gingival laceration
stabilise segment for 4 weeks

Question 27

what is the follow up for alveolar fracture

Answer 27

4 weeks
6-8 weeks
4 months
6 months
1 year
5 years

Question 28

what is concussion findings

Answer 28

tooth TTP
not displaced
not increased mobility
positive sensibility

Question 29

what is treatment for concussion

Answer 29

no treatment
monitor pulpal condition for 1 year

Question 30

what is follow up for concussion

Answer 30

4 weeks
6-8 weeks
1 year

Question 31

what is subluxation findings

Answer 31

TTP
not been displaced
bleeding from gingival crevice
negative sensibility initially

Question 32

what is treatment for subluxation

Answer 32

no treatment or flexible splint for 2 weeks

Question 33

what is follow up for subluxation

Answer 33

2 weeks
4 weeks
6-8 weeks
6 months
1 year

Question 34

what is extrusive luxation findings

Answer 34

elongated and mobile
negative sensibility tests

Question 35

what is radiographic findings for extrusion

Answer 35

increased periodontal ligament space apically

Question 36

what is treatment for extrusion

Answer 36

reposition in socket
stabilise tooth for 2 weeks with splint
if pulp necrosis then RCT

Question 37

what is the follow up for extrusion

Answer 37

2 weeks
4 weeks
6-8 weeks
6 months
1 year
yearly for 5 years

Question 38

what is lateral luxation

Answer 38

tooth displaced in palatal or lingual direction
mobile
high percussion note
alveolar fracture present
negative sensibility tests

Question 39

what is the treatment for lateral luxation

Answer 39

reposition
stabilise for 4 weeks using flexible splint
monitor pulp
RCT if necrosis

Question 40

what is the follow up for lateral luxation

Answer 40

2 weeks
4 weeks
6-8 weeks
6 months
1 year
yearly for 5 years

Question 41

what is intrusion findings

Answer 41

tooth displaced axially into alveolar bone
immobile
percussion gives high note
negative sensibility

Question 42

what is intrusion treatment for incomplete root formation

Answer 42

allow eruption spontaneously
if no movement within few weeks then orthodontically reposition
if more than 7mm intrusion surgically or orthodontically reposition

Question 43

what is intrusion treatment for complete root formation

Answer 43

spontaneous eruption if <3mm
if no movement after 2-4 wks then reposition
if intruded 3-7mm surgical or orthodontic repositioning
if intruded >7mm surgical reposition
RCT 2-3 weeks after repositioning
flexible splint 4 weeks

Question 44

what is the follow up for intrusion

Answer 44

2 weeks
4 weeks
6-8 weeks
6 months
1 year
yearly for 5 years

Question 45

what is the emergency advice for avulsion

Answer 45

make sure it is permanent tooth
keep patient calm
dont touch root
rinse dirt
try to reposition
if cant reposition place in milk or spit
seek dental treatment

Question 46

after how long are the PDL cells non-viable

Answer 46

60 minutes

Question 47

if an avulsed tooth has a closed apex and has been reimplanted what is the treatment

Answer 47

leave in place
clean area
suture lacerations
radiograph
splint for 2 weeks
check tetanus
give instructions
RCT 7-10 days after replantation and before splint removal

Question 48

what is the treatment of an avulsed closed apex tooth that is out of the mouth for less than 60 minutes

Answer 48

clean root surface and foramen
LA
irrigate socket
examine socket
replant tooth
suture lacerations
radiograph
splint 2 weeks
tetanus check
RCT 7-10 days after

Question 49

what is the treatment of an avulsed closed apex tooth that is out the mouth for over 60 minutes

Answer 49

remove PDL with gauze
RCT
LA
irrigate socket
examine socket
replant tooth
suture lacerations
radiograph
tetanus

Question 50

what is patient instructions after avulsion and re-implantation

Answer 50

avoid participation in contact sports
soft diet for 2 weeks
brush teeth with soft toothbrush
chlorhexidine mouth rinse for 1 week