Peritoneum and Upper Abdomen

Question 1

Viscera is associated with what arterial supply?

Answer 1

Celiac trunk.

Doe not include the components of the Digestive Tract proper, just the upper accessory viscera.

Question 2

hepatic

Answer 2

liver

Question 3

cystic

Answer 3

gallbladder

Question 4

pancreatis

Answer 4

pancreas

Question 5

sphlenic

Answer 5

spleen

Question 6

gastric

Answer 6

stomach

Question 7

colic

Answer 7

colon

Question 8

recto

Answer 8

rectum

Question 9

phrenic

Answer 9

diaphragm

Question 10

peritoneum

Answer 10

thin, translucent, serous membrane in the abdomen.

visceral and parietal

Question 11

intraperitoneal

Answer 11

spleen and stomach, completely covered by visceral peritoneum.
where the organs are

Question 12

retroperitoneal

Answer 12

peritoneum that is behind organs. organs may also lay here. duodenum and pancreas

Question 13

peritoneal sac

Answer 13

all visceral and parietal peritoneal membranes

Question 14

peritoneal cavity

Answer 14

-a potential space within the sac.
contains only a small amount of serous fluid
-allow organs to move freely without friction.
-is within the abdominal cavity and goes into the pelvic cavity.

Question 15

umbillical herniation

Answer 15

when the peritoneal cavity fills with fluid and goes through the umbillicus.

Question 16

greater omentum

Answer 16

-attaches to greater curvature of stomach .and transverse colon
-drapes over small intestine like an ‘apron’
‘apron’ = gastrocolic ligament (4 layers of peritoneum)
-functionally it can wall off infections and inflammation sites.
-results in formation of adhesions

Question 17

lesser omentum

Answer 17

• attaches to lesser curvature of stomach and duodenum
• 2 portions connect these structures to the liver
• deep to lesser omentum in omental bursa

Question 18

hepatogastic ligament

Answer 18

lesser omentum. connects liver to stomach

Question 19

hepatoduodenal ligament

Answer 19

lesser omentum. connects liver to duodenum. contains portal triad.

Question 20

portal triad

Answer 20

hepatic a., portal v., and bile duct.

Question 21

mesentary proper

Answer 21

• Anchors most of the small intestine to posterior abd. wall
• Runs diagonally from duodenojejunal jxn. to ileocecal jxn.
  - a distance = 15 to 20 cm in adults

-Note: duodenum anchored by suspensory ligament of Treitz

Question 22

suspensory ligament of duodenum (of Treitz)

Answer 22

• Fibromuscular ligament descends from the R. crus of diaphragm
• Crosses over L. crus & holds distal duodenum in place
• Prevents duodenojejunal jxn. from sagging

Question 23

Mesocolon

Answer 23

• Anchors portions of the colon to the posterior abdominal wall
• Ascending & Descending colon have no mesentery
  
  • attached directly to the posterior wall
• Transverse Colon anchored by Transverse Mesocolon
• Sigmoid colon anchored by sigmoid mesocolon
• Rectum only partially covered with peritoneum

Question 24

What divides the abdominal cavity into two compartments?

Answer 24

Transverse mesocolon

supracolic and infracolic compartments

Question 25

supracolic compartment

Answer 25

contains stomach, liver and spleen.

Question 26

infracolic compartment

Answer 26

contains small intestine and ascending and descending colon lies posterior to greater omentum also divided into a right and left infrcolic compartment by the mesentery of the small intestine

Question 27

suprcolic + infracolic comartments =

Answer 27

greater sac

Question 28

falciform ligament

Answer 28

- Divides liver into R & L lobes - Anchors liver to diaphragm & anterior body wall - Round ligament of the liver -Note: inferior border contains the obliterated umbilical vein.

Question 29

development of falciform ligament

Answer 29

left umbilical vein is obliterated after birth and becomes the ligamentum teres hepatis, which then becomes the inferior margin of the falciform ligament.

Question 30

coronary ligament

Answer 30

- Reflections of peritoneum around the bare area of the liver - Attach liver to inferior surface of diaphragm -bare area = upper posterior liver

Question 31

infroumbilical peritoneal folds

Answer 31

single layered peritoneal folds. - median umbilical fold - medial umbilical fold (2) - lateral umbilical folds (2)

Question 32

median umbilical fold

Answer 32

- from urinary bladder to umbilicus - covers median umbilical ligament - fetal urachus

Question 33

medial umbilical folds (2)

Answer 33

- covers medial umbilical ligaments | - occluded portions of umbilical aa.

Question 34

lateral umbilical folds (2)

Answer 34

-covers inferior epigastric vessels

Question 35

Medial inguinal fossae =

Answer 35

The fossae between the medial and the lateral umbilical folds = inguinal triangles (Hesselbach triangels). Potential sites for direct inguinal hernias.

Question 36

Lateral inguinal fossae =

Answer 36

lateral to the lateral umbililcal folds, including the deep inguinal rings. Potential site for most common type of hernia = indirect inguinal hernia

Question 37

Fetal Urachus =

Answer 37

original allantoic diverticulum that persists throughout much of development as a stalk which extends from the bladder and is continuous (the allantois) to the umbilical region. As the allantois constricts and becomes the thick fibrous cord, the urachus. It extends from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus = median umbilical ligament

Question 38

peritoneal pouches

Answer 38

Potential peritoneal spaces in standing patients Becomes actual spaces in recumbent patients Hepatorenal pouch Rectovesical or rectouterine pouch Pathological fluids can accumulate in these recesses

Question 39

heptorenal pouch

Answer 39

morrison's pouch Bounded by liver, R kidney, colon & duodenum lowest part of peritoneal cavity when recumbent fluids may move down to rectovesical/rectouterine pouch – when in reclining position or sitting up NOTE: kidney is retroperitoneal, and this pouch is directly anterior to it.

Question 40

rectovesical pouch

Answer 40

Between rectum & bladder (♂) another low point of peritoneal cavity when recumbent fluids here may move up to hepatorenal pouch – when in Trendelenburg position

Question 41

rectouterine pouch

Answer 41

(♀) another low point of peritoneal cavity when recumbent fluids here may move up to hepatorenal pouch – when in Trendelenburg position In female – recto-uterine pouch is lowest point in pelvic cavity

Question 42

liver

Answer 42

detoxifies chemical products and produces bile

Question 43

gallbladder

Answer 43

stores bile for emulsification of fats

Question 44

pancreas

Answer 44

produces enzymes for digestion

Question 45

spleen

Answer 45

produces lymphocytes and filters blood

Question 46

stomach

Answer 46

stores food prior to entering duodenum

Question 47

small intestine

Answer 47

primary for chemical digestion

Question 48

large intestine

Answer 48

secondary for digestion

Question 49

kidneys

Answer 49

filter waste products out of blood

Question 50

adrenal glands

Answer 50

cortices produce steroid hormones and medullas act as sympathetic ganglia (release epinephrine & NE)