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Anatomy > Peritoneum > Flashcards

Peritoneum Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three subdivision of alimentary tract?

A

Foregut, midgut and hindgut

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2
Q

Which subdivision of alimentary tract develops partly outside the embryo?

A

Midgut

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3
Q

A condition where blind ends of hindgut do not breakdown after birth

A

Imperforated anus

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4
Q

Constituents of foregut includes…

A

Oesophagus, stomach, proximal part of the duodenum

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5
Q

Constituents of midgut includes…

A

Distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, asc. Colon and two-thirds of transverse colon

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6
Q

What is mesentery?

A

It is a double fold of membrane

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7
Q

A peritoneum which surrounds the abdominal wall

A

Parietal peritoneum

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8
Q

True/false organs are contained within the peritoneal cavity

A

False, no organs are contained within this cavity. Organs are sandwiched between two peritoneum

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9
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

The mesenteries form slings for the organs, and as the layers from each half wrap the organs, these provides,covering for,the organs called visceral peritoneum

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10
Q

What kind of epithelium is visceral peritoneum and what is it’s histological name?

A

Simple squamous epithelium, mesothelium

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11
Q

True/False ventral mesentery is longer than dorsal mesentery

A

False, ventral mesentery is shorter than dorsal mesentery

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12
Q

What is the significant function of one mesentery in embryo longer than the other mesentery?

A

Since the ventral mesentery of the embryo is shorter than the dorsal one, and that there is a gap under this ventral mesentery which allows communication between two halves of the peritoneum cavity

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13
Q

What is the name of the potential space between parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum?

A

Peritoneal cavity

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14
Q

What is the name given when visceral organs doubles up?

A

Omentum

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15
Q

What is name of the ligament which attaches liver to the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Faliform ligament

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16
Q

What is the result of enlargement of liver during development?

A

The expansion of liver forces other organs e.g. Stomach, spleen and pancreas to the left

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17
Q

What is ligament name for lesser Omentum and what are it’s attachments?

A

Gastrohepatic ligament

Attachments: posterior of the liver to the stomach

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18
Q

Attachment of gastro-lienal ligament

A

Between stomach and the spleen

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19
Q

Attachment of spleno-renal ligament

A

Between the spleen and the kidney

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20
Q

Quickly draw a rough diagram of the movement of viscera during development as liver enlarges.

A

See page 61 of green booklet

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21
Q

What is retro peritoneal organs?

A

As the alimentary tract enlarges and twist and turns, some of the mesentery blends to the posterior abdominal wall, and therefore those mesenteries are lost. Organs which loose their mesentery are said to be retro peritoneal organs

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22
Q

What are the two characteristics of retro peritoneal organs in terms of mobility and surgical access?

A

Relatively immobile and difficult to access surgically

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23
Q

What is primary retro peritoneal organs?

A

Organs which develop without a mesentery

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24
Q

Example of primary retro peritoneal organ…

A

The two kidneys

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25
Q

What is secondarily retro peritoneal organ?

A

Organs which develop in a mesentery but subsequently reabsorbed to the posterior abdominal wall

26
Q

Examples of secondarily retro peritoneal organs…

A

Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Parts two to four of the duodenum
Ascending and descending colon

27
Q

What are intra peritoneal organs?

A

Organs with a mesentery are call intra peritoneal organs

28
Q

Why does the entire midgut during development herniates into the umbilical cord?

A

Because of the obliteration of the abdominal cavity by rapid growth of the liver, midgut herniates into the extra-embryonic coelomic space in the umbilical cord

29
Q

What is vitelline duct?

A

It is a duct which is used to communicate between the midgut and the yolk sac.

30
Q

True/False: caecal bud exist inferiorly in the midgut loop

A

True

31
Q

What is the first rotation of the midgut and what is the axis of rotation?

A

90 degree anticlockwise around the axis of superior mesenteric artery

32
Q

What is the position of caecal bud after the first initial rotation: right or left?

A

Left

33
Q

At what time during development retraction of midgut occurs and also disconnection with yolk stalk?

A

At about 12 weeks

34
Q

Name some of the abnormalities that could occur in disconnection of vetelline duct to yolk stalk.

A

Persistent vitelline ligament
Vitelline cyst
Meckel’s diverticulum

35
Q

At around 8 weeks period, what happens to one of the limb of the midgut loop?

A

Coils and loops within umbilical cord which will eventually become small bowel

36
Q

What is the name of the condition where gut fails to return to the abdominal cavity and what other disease this condition might mimic?

A

Omphalocoele

Umbilical hernia

37
Q

Which part of the midgut loops in umbilical cord return to abdominal cavity first?

A

The small intestine

38
Q

During development what happens to the gastro splenic ligament?

A

It expands

39
Q

How does omental bursa created during development of the midgut?

A

The rotation and uneven growth of the stomach pull the dorsal mesogastrium to the left, creating a subdivision of the peritoneal cavity, the omental bursa, posterior to the stomach and between the stomach and posterior body wall

40
Q

What is the fate of ventral mesogastrium during midgut development?

A

The ventral mesogastrium is separated into parts by the formation of live during midgut development. The portion which attaches to the lesser curvature of the stomach and to the liver is the lesser Omentum. The part which attaches the liver to the anterior body wall is the Faliform ligament.

41
Q

True/False: the lesser sac is located in front of the stomach

A

False, the lesser sac is located behind the stomach

42
Q

What is greater Omentum?

A

It is a fluid filled space sandwiched between two membranes. In adults, the greater is a fat filled apron, suspended from the greater curvature of the stomach.

43
Q

What is the function of greater Omentum in terms of infection?

A

It localise infections by sticking to any infected region. It traps the infection, and prevents it from spreading through the abdominal cavity

44
Q

What ligaments is greater Omentum made of and which one of them is the major one?

A

Gastro colic ligament (major)
Gastro splenic ligament
Gastro sphrenic ligament

45
Q

What ligaments is lesser Omentum made of?

A

Hepatogastric, hepatooesophageal and hepatoduodenal ligament

46
Q

The opening between lesser sac and greater sac is called…

A

Epiploic foramen

47
Q

True/False: Ligaments allow arteries and lymphatic drainage of organs

A

False, ligament allow arterial, venous, lymphatic drainage and supply nerves.

48
Q

What is the name of the mesentery of jejunum and ileum?

A

THE mesentery

49
Q

The name of the mesentery of sigmoid colon

A

Sigmoid mesocolon

50
Q

Supra and infra-colic compartments

A

These are peritoneal spaces created by division of greater sac by transverse mesocolon

51
Q

Linkage of supra colic compartment to other compartments

A

Right and left paracolic gutters link supra colic compartment to pelvic cavity

52
Q

Linkage of infra colic compartment to other compartments

A

Infra colic compartment is continuous inferiorly with the pelvic cavity but direction of flow of fluid is dependent on posture and source of fluid. Right and left para colic gutters link infra colic compartment with the subphrenic spaces. Infra colic compartment is partitioned by the mesentery of the small intestine.

53
Q

Name of a pouch which exist between liver and kidney

A

Hepato-renal pouch

54
Q

List sources of fluid which can potentially accumulate in hepato-renal pouch?

A

Gall bladder
Proximal duodenum
Righ paracolic gutters

55
Q

True/False: fluid from perforated duodenum can enter either infra or supra colic compartments.

A

True, depending on the site of perforation

56
Q

Which component of abdominal cavity can be affected by perforated duodenum?

A

Right kidney (pelvis and ureter)
The head of the pancreas
The hepato duodenu pancreatic blood supply
The right posts muscle (giving rise to the symptoms of movement of right leg)

57
Q

What is the result of fluid accumulation in hepato renal pouch?

A

Accumulated fluid reach righ subphrenic space, from where pain can refer to the right shoulder

58
Q

True/False bladder is located in front of the pelvis

A

True

59
Q

Retrovesical pouch

A

Found in males only. It is the fold of peritoneum between rectum and the bladder.

60
Q

Rectouterine and vesicouterine pouch

A

In females, the rectovesical pouch (of male) is divided into two pouch by the protrusion of uterus. The front pouch between the bladder and the uterine is called vesicouterine pouch and the back pouch between uterus and the rectum is called Rectouterine pouch (Douglas pouch)

Anatomy (3 decks)

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