Peritoneal Cavity And Abdominal Viscera Flashcards
Parietal Peritoneum
-the serous membrane lining the walls of the peritoneal cavity
Visceral Peritoneum
The serous membrane covering the surfaces of the organs of the peritoneal cavity
Peritoneal Cavity
The potential space filled with serous fluid, between the parietal and visceral layers of peritoneum
Greater Sac
The large portion of the peritoneal cavity, which is most of what you see after reflection of the anterior abdominal wall
Lesser Sac
A smaller peritoneal compartment located posterior to the stomach
Falciform Ligament
The double layered serous membrane that divides the liver into right and left lobes
Round Ligament of the Liver
Free inferior edge of the falciform ligament
Subphrenic Space (Recess)
The space between the liver and the diaphragm
-the falciform ligament splits this space into left and right
Coronary Ligaments (anterior and posterior leaflets)
Splitting of the falciform ligament
Right and Left Triangular Ligaments
Free endings of the coronary ligaments
Parts of the Stomach
- greater curvature
- lesser curvature
- fundus
- cardia
- Body
- pyloris (thick-walled end to the stomach)
Bare Area of the Liver
The area not invested by visceral peritoneum between the layers of the coronary ligaments
Liver (in the clinic)
The liver may undergo pathologic changes that could be encountered during dissection. The liver may be enlarged. This happens in liver congestion due to cardiac insufficiency (cardiac liver). In contrast, the liver may be small and have fibrous nodules. Such a finding may indicate cirrhosis of the liver. Because the liver is essentially a capillary bed downstream from the GI tract, metastatic tumor cells are often trapped within it, resulting in secondary tumors
Caudate and Quadrate Lobe of the liver
Located on the inferior surface
Porta Hepatis
The doorway of the liver, where the right and left hepatic ducts, hepatic vessels and portal vein enter/leave the organ
Lesser Omentum
A double-layer of serous membrane (peritoneum) extending from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach
Hepatogastric ligament
From the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach, easily identifiable because it’s almost transparent
Hepatoduodenal Ligament
From the liver to the duodenum
The free edge contains the portal triad: (hepatic) portal vein, (proper) hepatic artery), and (common) bile duct
Omental Foramen
The entrance to the lesser sac
-it’s the only communication between the lesser and greater sacs
Transverse Colon in the Greater Omentum
- the portion of the abdominal cavity above this organ is referred to as the supracolic region of the abdomen
- below this: infracolic region
Greater Omentum
A double-layer serous membrane (Peritoneum) extending from the greater curvature of the stomach
Gastrophrenic ligament
From the stomach to the diaphragm
Gastrosplenic ligament
From the stomach to the spleen
Gastrocolic Ligament
From the stomach to the transverse colony
Transverse COlon
Embedded in the posterior aspect of the greater omentum
-actually suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by a double fold of peritoneum, the transverse mesocolon
Hilum of the Spleen
Where the splenic vessels enter and leave
Tail of the Pancreas
Nestled in the hilum of the spleen
Spleen (in the clinic)
The relationship of the spleen to ribs 9, 10 and 11 is of clinical importance in evaluating rib fractures and penetrating wounds. A lacerated spleen bleeds profusely into the abdominal cavity and may have to be removed surgically
- It must be emphasized that there’s a risk of puncturing the spleen during pleural tap (thoracentesis)
- an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) may be encountered during physical exam. The spleen is considered enlarged when it can be palpate inferior to the costal margin
Duodenum overview
It’s retroperitoneal except for the first portion of the superior part which is mesenterized and known as the duodenal bulb
-head and body of the pancreas is nestled between the first and second parts
Superior Part (first part) of the Duodenum
Continuous with the pyloric region of the stomach. The superior part of the duodenum lies in the transverse plane and the hepatoduodenal ligament is attached to it, it’s mostly intraperitoneal
Descending (second) part of the duodenum
Positioned to the right of the midline and anterior to the right kidney, right renal vessels, and inferior vena cava
- It’s retroperitoneal
- the bile duct and the main pancreatic duct drain into the descending part of the duodenum
Horizontal (third) part of the duodenum
Lies anterior to the inferior vena cava and the abdominal aorta
- it’s retroperitoneal
- it’s crossed anteriorly by the superior mesenteric vessels and posteriorly by the inferior mesenteric vessels
Ascending (fourth) part of the duodenum
Continuous with the jejunum
- retroperitoneal throughout most of it’s length
- turns anteriorly to join the jejunum at the duodenojejunal junction
Duodenojejunal junction
Where the duodenum emerges from behind the peritoneum and becomes the jejunum
Suspensory ligament of the duodenum (ligament of Treitz)
Fibromuscular Ligament that arises from the right crus of the diaphragm and anchors the intestine and the duodeojejunal junction
Root of the Mesentery
The oblique line of attachment of the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall
Inside of the stomach
Gastric folds (rugae)
Pyloric Sphincter
Pyloric orifice
Inside of the 2nd part of the jejunum
Circular folds
Major (greater) duodenal Papilla
Major (greater) duodenal papilla
An elevation of mucosa on the medial wall of the second part of the duodenum
Shared opening of the main pancreatic duct and bile duct
Minor (lesser) duodenal Papilla
The site of drainage of the accessory pancreatic duct
It will be 2cm superior to the major duodenal papilla
Hepatopancreatic Ampulla (ampulla of Vater)
Most likely embedded in the wall of the duodenum
The space where secretions from the main pancreatic duct mix with the secretions in the bile duct before being emptied into the duodenum
Incision in the Cecum
Ileocecal orifice
Superior lip and inferior lip of the ileocecal valve
Opening of the appendix
Inside features of the transverse colon
Semilunar folds between adjacent haustra
