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GI Dissections > Peritoneal Cavity And Abdominal Viscera > Flashcards

Peritoneal Cavity And Abdominal Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

Parietal Peritoneum

A

-the serous membrane lining the walls of the peritoneal cavity

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2
Q

Visceral Peritoneum

A

The serous membrane covering the surfaces of the organs of the peritoneal cavity

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3
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

The potential space filled with serous fluid, between the parietal and visceral layers of peritoneum

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4
Q

Greater Sac

A

The large portion of the peritoneal cavity, which is most of what you see after reflection of the anterior abdominal wall

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5
Q

Lesser Sac

A

A smaller peritoneal compartment located posterior to the stomach

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6
Q

Falciform Ligament

A

The double layered serous membrane that divides the liver into right and left lobes

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7
Q

Round Ligament of the Liver

A

Free inferior edge of the falciform ligament

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8
Q

Subphrenic Space (Recess)

A

The space between the liver and the diaphragm

-the falciform ligament splits this space into left and right

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9
Q

Coronary Ligaments (anterior and posterior leaflets)

A

Splitting of the falciform ligament

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10
Q

Right and Left Triangular Ligaments

A

Free endings of the coronary ligaments

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11
Q

Parts of the Stomach

A
  • greater curvature
  • lesser curvature
  • fundus
  • cardia
  • Body
  • pyloris (thick-walled end to the stomach)
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12
Q

Bare Area of the Liver

A

The area not invested by visceral peritoneum between the layers of the coronary ligaments

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13
Q

Liver (in the clinic)

A

The liver may undergo pathologic changes that could be encountered during dissection. The liver may be enlarged. This happens in liver congestion due to cardiac insufficiency (cardiac liver). In contrast, the liver may be small and have fibrous nodules. Such a finding may indicate cirrhosis of the liver. Because the liver is essentially a capillary bed downstream from the GI tract, metastatic tumor cells are often trapped within it, resulting in secondary tumors

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14
Q

Caudate and Quadrate Lobe of the liver

A

Located on the inferior surface

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15
Q

Porta Hepatis

A

The doorway of the liver, where the right and left hepatic ducts, hepatic vessels and portal vein enter/leave the organ

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16
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

A double-layer of serous membrane (peritoneum) extending from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

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17
Q

Hepatogastric ligament

A

From the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach, easily identifiable because it’s almost transparent

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18
Q

Hepatoduodenal Ligament

A

From the liver to the duodenum

The free edge contains the portal triad: (hepatic) portal vein, (proper) hepatic artery), and (common) bile duct

19
Q

Omental Foramen

A

The entrance to the lesser sac

-it’s the only communication between the lesser and greater sacs

20
Q

Transverse Colon in the Greater Omentum

A
  • the portion of the abdominal cavity above this organ is referred to as the supracolic region of the abdomen
  • below this: infracolic region
21
Q

Greater Omentum

A

A double-layer serous membrane (Peritoneum) extending from the greater curvature of the stomach

22
Q

Gastrophrenic ligament

A

From the stomach to the diaphragm

23
Q

Gastrosplenic ligament

A

From the stomach to the spleen

24
Q

Gastrocolic Ligament

A

From the stomach to the transverse colony

25
Q

Transverse COlon

A

Embedded in the posterior aspect of the greater omentum

-actually suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by a double fold of peritoneum, the transverse mesocolon

26
Q

Hilum of the Spleen

A

Where the splenic vessels enter and leave

27
Q

Tail of the Pancreas

A

Nestled in the hilum of the spleen

28
Q

Spleen (in the clinic)

A

The relationship of the spleen to ribs 9, 10 and 11 is of clinical importance in evaluating rib fractures and penetrating wounds. A lacerated spleen bleeds profusely into the abdominal cavity and may have to be removed surgically

  • It must be emphasized that there’s a risk of puncturing the spleen during pleural tap (thoracentesis)
  • an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) may be encountered during physical exam. The spleen is considered enlarged when it can be palpate inferior to the costal margin
29
Q

Duodenum overview

A

It’s retroperitoneal except for the first portion of the superior part which is mesenterized and known as the duodenal bulb
-head and body of the pancreas is nestled between the first and second parts

30
Q

Superior Part (first part) of the Duodenum

A

Continuous with the pyloric region of the stomach. The superior part of the duodenum lies in the transverse plane and the hepatoduodenal ligament is attached to it, it’s mostly intraperitoneal

31
Q

Descending (second) part of the duodenum

A

Positioned to the right of the midline and anterior to the right kidney, right renal vessels, and inferior vena cava

  • It’s retroperitoneal
  • the bile duct and the main pancreatic duct drain into the descending part of the duodenum
32
Q

Horizontal (third) part of the duodenum

A

Lies anterior to the inferior vena cava and the abdominal aorta

  • it’s retroperitoneal
  • it’s crossed anteriorly by the superior mesenteric vessels and posteriorly by the inferior mesenteric vessels
33
Q

Ascending (fourth) part of the duodenum

A

Continuous with the jejunum

  • retroperitoneal throughout most of it’s length
  • turns anteriorly to join the jejunum at the duodenojejunal junction
34
Q

Duodenojejunal junction

A

Where the duodenum emerges from behind the peritoneum and becomes the jejunum

35
Q

Suspensory ligament of the duodenum (ligament of Treitz)

A

Fibromuscular Ligament that arises from the right crus of the diaphragm and anchors the intestine and the duodeojejunal junction

36
Q

Root of the Mesentery

A

The oblique line of attachment of the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

37
Q

Inside of the stomach

A

Gastric folds (rugae)
Pyloric Sphincter
Pyloric orifice

38
Q

Inside of the 2nd part of the jejunum

A

Circular folds

Major (greater) duodenal Papilla

39
Q

Major (greater) duodenal papilla

A

An elevation of mucosa on the medial wall of the second part of the duodenum
Shared opening of the main pancreatic duct and bile duct

40
Q

Minor (lesser) duodenal Papilla

A

The site of drainage of the accessory pancreatic duct

It will be 2cm superior to the major duodenal papilla

41
Q

Hepatopancreatic Ampulla (ampulla of Vater)

A

Most likely embedded in the wall of the duodenum
The space where secretions from the main pancreatic duct mix with the secretions in the bile duct before being emptied into the duodenum

42
Q

Incision in the Cecum

A

Ileocecal orifice
Superior lip and inferior lip of the ileocecal valve
Opening of the appendix

43
Q

Inside features of the transverse colon

A

Semilunar folds between adjacent haustra

GI Dissections (2 decks)

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