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patho nursing > Peripheral vascular disorders: > Flashcards

Peripheral vascular disorders: Flashcards

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1
Q

describe arteries

A

elastic (constrict and dilate)

maintain BP

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2
Q

describe veins

A

can stretch but not as elasic
valves and muscles help return venous blood
75% of blood here

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3
Q

what three things affect BP

A

pressure
resistance
viscosity

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4
Q

Where do clots from the heart go

A

brain

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5
Q

where do clots from veins go

A

lungs

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6
Q

what is a thrombus

A

clot

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7
Q

what is a thrombosis

A

thrombus occludes a vessel

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8
Q

what is an embolus

A

foreign objet that circulates

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9
Q

are the causes of arterial thrombembolism

A

atherosclerotic disease

stimulation of coagulation system (irritation, trauma, inflammation, stasis, a fib)

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10
Q

what are the manifestations of arterial thromboembolism

A

Related to ischemia:

  1. pain (cramping, squeezing) during/after exercise
  2. Pain RELIEVED by rest
  3. diminished distal pulses
  4. Skin pallor, cyanosis, cool extremities
  5. tissue death
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11
Q

what is the most common vascular disorder

A

venous thrombosis

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12
Q

what is venous thrombosis

A

thrombus formation in a vein

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13
Q

where does the thrombi range in venous thrombosis

A

from partial to complete occulsion

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14
Q

what is the risk of thrombi in venous thrombosis

A

emboli may develope, loosen, and cirulate

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15
Q

what is the cause of venous thrombosis

A
  1. inflammation/infection
  2. trauma
  3. stasis (immobility, a fib)
  4. hypercoagulability
  5. incompetent valves
  6. poor muscle contractions
  7. aging
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16
Q

the severity of a venous thrombosis is related to what two things

A
  1. degree of obstruction

2. degree that collateral circulation can compensate

17
Q

what happens when venous thrombosis occurs and collateral circulation compensates well

A

near normal venous return

18
Q

what happens when a venous thrombosis occurs but collateral circulation cannot compensate

A

increased venous pressure distal to occluded vein-> distension of veins-> congestion and pressure changes-> edema/damaged venules (pressure disrupts reuptake of fluid in tissues)

19
Q

what is thrombophlebitis

A

venous thrombosis with inflammation

20
Q

when do symptoms occur in thrombophlebitis

A

occur hours after thrombus and usually persist 1-3 weeks

21
Q

why do thrombophlebitis happen

A

inflammatory cells accumulate and cause congestion of caps and venules

22
Q

what are the clinical mani of thrombophlebitis

A

r/t swelling/congestion/inflammation:

  1. pain localized tenderness
  2. red/warm due to inflammation
  3. edema
23
Q

what is chronic venous insufficiency and venous stasis

A

inadequate venous return over time which leads to stasis of both veins and arteries (old pts)

24
Q

which vein is especially common with chronic venous insufficiency and venous stasis

A

iliofemoral veins

25
Q

what three mechanisms fail in chronic venous insufficiency and venous stasis

A

muscles (calf)
elastic veins- become less elastic
valves

26
Q

what is the chain with chronic venous insufficiency and venous stasis

A

failure of mechanisms-> venous hypert-> upsets cap fluid exchange-> congestion/edema-> stasis

27
Q

what are the clinical mani of chronic venous insufficiency and venous stasis

A
  1. pain- DULL ache- worse with legs dependent
  2. RELIEVED with walking
  3. brawny adema

RT ischemia:

  1. determitis and hyperpegmentation (due to venous fluid backing up into arteries, hair/shiny skin due to nutritional def)
  2. poor circulation
  3. stasis ulcers
28
Q

what are varicose veins

A

dilated, elongated, tortuous superficial veins usually of the lower extremities

29
Q

chronic arterial atherosclerotic occlusivve disease common sites

A

coronary artery, abdominal, iliac/femoral, carotid

30
Q

clinical mani of chronic arterial atherosclerotic occlusive disease

A
  1. pain (cramping, squeezing during/after ex, RELIEVED by rest)
  2. dimished pulses
  3. pallor, cyanosis
  4. cool extremities
  5. tissue death
  6. prolonged cap refil/loss of hair
  7. sensitive to cold
  8. slowed nail growth
  9. muscle weakness

patho nursing (4 decks)

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