Peripheral vascular disorders:

Question 1

describe arteries

Answer 1

elastic (constrict and dilate)

maintain BP

Question 2

describe veins

Answer 2

can stretch but not as elasic
valves and muscles help return venous blood
75% of blood here

Question 3

what three things affect BP

Answer 3

pressure
resistance
viscosity

Question 4

Where do clots from the heart go

Answer 4

brain

Question 5

where do clots from veins go

Answer 5

lungs

Question 6

what is a thrombus

Answer 6

clot

Question 7

what is a thrombosis

Answer 7

thrombus occludes a vessel

Question 8

what is an embolus

Answer 8

foreign objet that circulates

Question 9

are the causes of arterial thrombembolism

Answer 9

atherosclerotic disease

stimulation of coagulation system (irritation, trauma, inflammation, stasis, a fib)

Question 10

what are the manifestations of arterial thromboembolism

Answer 10

Related to ischemia:

1. pain (cramping, squeezing) during/after exercise
2. Pain RELIEVED by rest
3. diminished distal pulses
4. Skin pallor, cyanosis, cool extremities
5. tissue death

Question 11

what is the most common vascular disorder

Answer 11

venous thrombosis

Question 12

what is venous thrombosis

Answer 12

thrombus formation in a vein

Question 13

where does the thrombi range in venous thrombosis

Answer 13

from partial to complete occulsion

Question 14

what is the risk of thrombi in venous thrombosis

Answer 14

emboli may develope, loosen, and cirulate

Question 15

what is the cause of venous thrombosis

Answer 15

1. inflammation/infection
2. trauma
3. stasis (immobility, a fib)
4. hypercoagulability
5. incompetent valves
6. poor muscle contractions
7. aging

Question 16

the severity of a venous thrombosis is related to what two things

Answer 16

1. degree of obstruction

2. degree that collateral circulation can compensate

Question 17

what happens when venous thrombosis occurs and collateral circulation compensates well

Answer 17

near normal venous return

Question 18

what happens when a venous thrombosis occurs but collateral circulation cannot compensate

Answer 18

increased venous pressure distal to occluded vein-> distension of veins-> congestion and pressure changes-> edema/damaged venules (pressure disrupts reuptake of fluid in tissues)

Question 19

what is thrombophlebitis

Answer 19

venous thrombosis with inflammation

Question 20

when do symptoms occur in thrombophlebitis

Answer 20

occur hours after thrombus and usually persist 1-3 weeks

Question 21

why do thrombophlebitis happen

Answer 21

inflammatory cells accumulate and cause congestion of caps and venules

Question 22

what are the clinical mani of thrombophlebitis

Answer 22

r/t swelling/congestion/inflammation:

1. pain localized tenderness
2. red/warm due to inflammation
3. edema

Question 23

what is chronic venous insufficiency and venous stasis

Answer 23

inadequate venous return over time which leads to stasis of both veins and arteries (old pts)

Question 24

which vein is especially common with chronic venous insufficiency and venous stasis

Answer 24

iliofemoral veins

Question 25

what three mechanisms fail in chronic venous insufficiency and venous stasis

Answer 25

muscles (calf) elastic veins- become less elastic valves

Question 26

what is the chain with chronic venous insufficiency and venous stasis

Answer 26

failure of mechanisms-> venous hypert-> upsets cap fluid exchange-> congestion/edema-> stasis

Question 27

what are the clinical mani of chronic venous insufficiency and venous stasis

Answer 27

1. pain- DULL ache- worse with legs dependent 2. RELIEVED with walking 3. brawny adema RT ischemia: 1. determitis and hyperpegmentation (due to venous fluid backing up into arteries, hair/shiny skin due to nutritional def) 2. poor circulation 3. stasis ulcers

Question 28

what are varicose veins

Answer 28

dilated, elongated, tortuous superficial veins usually of the lower extremities

Question 29

chronic arterial atherosclerotic occlusivve disease common sites

Answer 29

coronary artery, abdominal, iliac/femoral, carotid

Question 30

clinical mani of chronic arterial atherosclerotic occlusive disease

Answer 30

1. pain (cramping, squeezing during/after ex, RELIEVED by rest) 2. dimished pulses 3. pallor, cyanosis 4. cool extremities 5. tissue death 6. prolonged cap refil/loss of hair 7. sensitive to cold 8. slowed nail growth 9. muscle weakness