Peripheral vascular disease Flashcards
What causes PVD?
a slow and progressive circulation disorder, marrowing blockage or spasms in a vessel - atherosclerosis
What are the 2 categories of risk factors for PAD?
modifiable and non modifiable
modifiable risk factors
CAD, Diabetes, HBP, overweight, smoking, high cholesterol, PA
Non- modifiable risk factors
age (>50), hx of heart disease, male gender, post menopausal women on HRT , family hx
What is pain due to limited arterial flow?
claudication
What is usually the first presenting symptoms of PAD?
claudication
PAD in the distal superficial femoral arterial system would cause pain where?
distal to this location
if PAD was in the aorto-iliac system where would the pain be?
thigh or buttock
What is the equivalent of claudication in the heart?
angina
Why does spinal stenosis present like claudication?
(pseudoclaudication) it is narrowing of the spinal canal
ABI?
ankle brachial index
what does ABI help to do?
helps to determine if there is a blockage or interference with downstream arterial flow
What does the ABI compare?
the systolic BP if the arms and legs
Where do you measure the ankle pulse?
dorsalis pedis or posterior tibialis
What is the ABI equation?
Ankle/ brachial systolic = ABI
> 1.3 ABI =
routine referral (ankle is higher than brachial)
<0.5 ABI =
Urgent
what could <0.5 ABI mean?
blockage in the distal leg
if you are performing a Buerger’s test and the patient has their foot elevated to 20 degrees and it begins to become pale what would this indicate?
Severe PAD
What indicates an ischemic leg during the buergers test?
pallor when elevating for 30-60 degrees no matter what the elevation is
If you are performing the buerger’s test and you ask the patient to put their foot down and you notice “sunset foot” what does this indicate?
PAD - it is due to the dilation of the arterioles in an attempt to rid the metabolic waste that has built up.
