Peripheral Vascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

describe damage to artery wall in peripheral vascular damage

A

endothelial cell damage
can e due to cigarette smoke, increased BP, increased glucose, increased chlesteol, increased homocysteine and increased free radicals

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2
Q

describe formation of plaque

A

activated platelets
LDL cholesterol - oxidised
inflammatory response - macrophages turn into foam cells

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3
Q

describe intermittent claudication

A

occurs when insufficient blood reaches exercising muscles
patient is pain free at rest but after variable periods of exercise develops ischaemic pain in the affected limn, which is further relieved by further rest

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4
Q

who is most affected by intermittent claudication and critical limb ischaemia

A

males

>55 years

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5
Q

risk factors of intermittent claudication and critical limb ischaemia

A

smoking!!!
hypertension
diabetes
raised cholesterol

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6
Q

pathology of intermittent claudication and critical limb ischaemia

A

atherosclerosis (elsewhere in body and associated with large cardiovascular morbidity and mortality)

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7
Q

symptoms of intermittent claudication and critical limb ischaemia

A

pain with exercise
rest pain/tissue loss
worse at night

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8
Q

tests for investigating intermittent claudication and critical limb ischaemia

A

ABPI (ankle-brachial pressure index) - low BP in leg => peripheral vascular disease
duplex ultrasound
angiography (MRI, catheter, CT)

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9
Q

treatment of intermittent claudication and critical limb ischaemia

A

risk reduction - smoking, lipid lowering, antiplatelets, hypertenison, diabetes
angioplasty, surgery
amputation

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10
Q

normal ranges for ABPI

A

0.9-1.2

claudication 0.4-0.85
sevee - 0-0.4

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11
Q

signs of intermittent claudication and critical limb ischaemia

A
cool to touch 
absence of peripheral pulse
colour change
poor tissue nutrition - hairless, thick nails, shiny skin
venous guttering
ulcers
gangrene
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