Peripheral Vascular Disease

Question 1

Three layers of the arterial system

Answer 1

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

Question 2

Purpose of the lymph nodes

Answer 2

Filtering and phagocytosis

Lymphocyte production

Question 3

Risk factors of PVD

Answer 3

Smoking
Diabetes
High-fat diet
Hypertension

Question 4

Threshold for intermitten claudcation in arteriosclerosis obliterans

Answer 4

50% occlusion of vessel

Question 5

Rest pain occurs when in arteriosclerosis obliterans

Answer 5

80%-90% occlusion of vessel

Question 6

Signs and symptoms of arteriosclerosis obliterans

Answer 6

Diminished or absent pedal pulse
Positive signs of rubor of dependency
Trophic changes (texture, color, shiness of skin, less hair, thickened nails)
Ulcerations

Question 7

Buerger’s Disease

Answer 7

Thromboangiitis Obliterans
Affects young male smokers
Inflammatory process starts distal, proceeds proximal

Question 8

Most common forms of acute arterial occlusive disease

Answer 8

Arterial embolism, arterial thrombosis, vasospastic diseases

Question 9

Signs and symptoms of acute arterial occlusive disease

Answer 9

Pain
Pallor
Loss of pulses
Paresthesia
Paralysis

Question 10

Raynaud’s syndrome

Answer 10

Spasm of arterioles affect the digits

Cyanosis of digits with cold or emotional upset then there is an intense redness/warmth after vasodilation phase

Question 11

Acrocyanosis

Answer 11

Cyanosis of distal extremities, usually affecting hands/finger or feet and toes
Caused by arterial spasm in the small arterioles
No rebound erythema

Question 12

Erythromelalgia

Answer 12

Bilateral vasodilation affecting extremities, especially the feet
Redness, burning, throbbing sensation, and increased skin temperature

Question 13

Venous thrombosis

Answer 13

Obstruction of the blood flow secondary to collection of coagulated blood

Question 14

Homan’s signs (DVT)

Answer 14

Edema, girth of limb
Painful palpation
Painful passive stretch of vein
Warmer to touch