Peripheral Neuropathies Flashcards
What are the characteristics of peripheral neuropathies?
-can affect one or many nerves
-can affect just sensory
-can affect just motor
-can affect both sensory and motor
-the nerve can be damaged in a variety of ways
What are the types of peripheral neuropathies?
-mononeuropathies
-polyneuropathies
What are mononeuropathies?
usually caused by some kind of nerve entrapment
What is the most common type of nerve injury affecting the general population?
mononeuropathies
What is the most common type of nerve entrapment?
median nerve
What is the most common cause of polyneuropathy in the USA?
diabetes mellitus
What is the most common polyneuropathy worldwide?
leprosy
What are the four classification of nerve damage?
-neuronal degeneration
-wallerian degeneration
-axonal degeneration
-segmental demyelination
What is neuronal degeneration?
degeneration of motor and sensory cell bodies and their subsequent axons
What is wallerian degeneration?
damage to the axon at a specific point below the cell body with degeneration distal to the injury
What is axonal degeneration?
diffuse axonal damage
what is segmental demyelination?
injury to the myelin sheath without injury to the axon
what are the types of mononeuropathies?
-compressive injuries
-cranial nerve injuries
What are the types of polyneuropathies?
-autoimmune neuropathies
-infectious polyneuropathies
-toxic and metabolic neuropathies
-neuropathies associated with the systemic disease
-hereditary polyneuropathies
What are some examples of autoimmune neuropathies?
-AIDP
-CIDP
-paraneoplasticy neuropathy
What are some examples of infectious polyneuropathies?
-HIV related polyneuropathies
-lyme disease-associated neuropathies
-leprosy
What are some examples of toxic and metabolic neuropathies?
-alcoholic neuropathies
-B12 deficiency
-B6 deficiency
What are some examples of neuropathies associated with systemic disease?
-diabetic neuropathy
-hypothyroidism
-rheumatoid arthritis
-sarcoidosis
-idiopathic polyneuropathy
-critical illness polyneuropathy
What are some examples of hereditary polyneuropathies?
charcot marie tooth
What are the most commonly seen neuropathies in the clinic?
-median nerve entrapment
-sciatic nerve entrapment
-bell’s palsy
-diabetic neuropathy
-HIV related polyneuropathies
-alcohol-related polyneuropathies
-B12 deficiency
-idiopathic polyneuropathy
-critical illness polyneuropathy
-charcot marie tooth
What is the main intervention for all nerve entrapments?
create space, movement, and blood flow
