Peripheral Nervous System and Spinal Cord

Question 1

What type of encapsulated receptor senses muscle length?

Answer 1

muscle spindle

Question 2

What type of encapsulated receptor senses muscle tension?

Answer 2

golgi tendon organ

Question 3

If a muscle is stretched, what encapsulated receptor(s) will be activated?

Answer 3

muscle spindle

Question 4

If a muscle contracts to lift the forearm, what type of encapsulated receptor(s) will be activated?

Answer 4

both muscle spindle fibers and golgi tendon organs

Question 5

If a muscle contracts isometrically, what type of encapsulated receptor(s) will be activated?

Answer 5

only golgi tendon organ

Question 6

T/F: Each dorsal root has a dorsal root ganglion and contains cells bodies of sensory neurons.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Where are the two spinal cord enlargements located?

Answer 7

Cervical enlargement: C5-T1

Lumbar enlargement: L2-S3

Question 8

Where do dorsal rootlets enter the spinal cord?

Answer 8

posterolateral sulcus

Question 9

Where do ventral rootlets leave the spinal cord?

Answer 9

anterolateral sulcus

Question 10

What region of the spinal cord does this section come from?

Answer 10

lumbosacral

Question 11

What region of the spinal cord does this section come from?

Answer 11

thoracic

Question 12

What does the posterior intermediate sulcus separate?

Answer 12

posterior funiculi

Question 13

What do the two red asterisks indicate in this picture? What is the function of this area of the spinal cord?

Answer 13

substantia gelatinosa; pain and temperature

Question 14

Lamina #2 is also known by what name?

Answer 14

substantia gelatinosa

Question 15

Here’s an easy one:

Where is the white matter located in the spinal cord?

Answer 15

White matter is found on the oustide. Grey matter is found on the inside

Question 16

In this image, what does the most medial arrow indicate? What do the two lateral arrows indicate?

Answer 16

All of the arrows point to alpha motor neurons.

The medial clusters control axial muscles

The lateral clusters control limb muscles

Question 17

What do lower motor neurons (or alpha neurons) control?

Where are they located?

Answer 17

Skeletal muscle

anterior horn of the spinal cord

Question 18

What do gamma-motor neurons innervate?

Answer 18

muscle spindles

Question 19

In what section of the spinal cord would you find preganglionic sympathetic neurons?

Answer 19

intermedolateral cell column, lateral extension of gray matter

T1-L3

Question 20

What is clark’s nucleus and where is it found?

What does it do?

Answer 20

collection of neurons on medial surface of intermediate gray matter from T1-L2

It acts as the relay nucleus for transmission of info to cerebellum, proprioceptive info from leg

It is indicated by the “C” in the image

Question 21

Identify all of the structures indicated

Answer 21

A: corticospinal tract

B: substantia gelatinosa

C: fasciulus cuneatus

D: fasciculus gracilis

E: dorsal gray horn

F: ventral gray horn

G: lateral gray horn

H: spinoreticular & spinothalamic tracts

Question 22

At what level does the spinal cord end?

Answer 22

L1/2

Question 23

Where is a lumbar puncture performed?

Answer 23

L4-5