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Pharm II > Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

5 ways that drugs affect the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A
  1. synthesis
  2. storage
  3. release
  4. binding
  5. prevent the normal destruction and uptake
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2
Q

NT released by preganglionic neuron (PNS and SNS), and what kind of receptor does it synapse on

A

acetylcholine (Ach); nicotinic

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3
Q

PNS: NT released by postganglionic neuron and what receptor is synapses to

A

acetylcholine (Ach); muscarinic

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4
Q

SNS: NT released by postganglionic neuron and synapses on what receptor type

A

norepinephrine (NE) OR epinephrine (Epi); alpha or beta adrenergic

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5
Q

effects of SNS

A 
dilates pupil
inhibits salivation
accelerates heart
facilitates breathing
inhibits digestion
stimulates release of glucose
secretes epi and NE (adrenal medulla)
relaxes bladder
inhibits sex organs
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6
Q

effects of PNS

A 
constricts pupil
stimulates salivation
slows heart
constricts breathing
stimulates digestion
stimulates gallbladder
contracts bladder
stimulates sex organs
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7
Q

SNS: vital changes

A

inc. HR, inc. BP, dec. peristalsis

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8
Q

PNS: vital changes

A

dec. HR, dec. BP, inc. peristalsis

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9
Q

sympathetic agonists: other names (general)

A

sympathomimetics, adrenergic agonists

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10
Q

sympathetic agonists: general

A
  • directly activates adrenergic receptors or indirectly inc. release of NE from nerve terminals
  • affects heart, lungs, blood vessels, nasal passages
  • alpha or beta receptors
  • primarily emergency drugs
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11
Q

alpha =

A

blood vessels

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12
Q

beta =

A
  1. heart

2. lungs

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13
Q

sympathetic antagonists: other names (general)

A

anti-adrenergic, adrenergic antagonists

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14
Q

sympathetic antagonists: general

A
  • block sympathetic system
  • directly or indirectly decreases the release of NE from nerve terminals
  • alpha or beta
  • most widely prescribed class of autonomic drugs
  • indications: HTN, PV disorders, CHF
  • alpha SE: orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, nasal congestion, impotence
  • beta SE: slow electrical conduction through the heart, also lower BP
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15
Q

parasympathetic agonists: other names (general)

A

parasympathetics/Muscarinics

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16
Q

parasympathetic agonists: general

A
  • few therapeutic effects secondary to SE (???)
  • directly stimulates cholinergic receptors or indirectly by inhibiting Ach
  • 2 receptors: nicotinic and muscarinic
17
Q

parasympathetic antagonists: other names (general)

A

-anticholinergics/muscarinic antagonist/parasympatholytic

18
Q

parasympathetic antagonists: general

A
  • block parasympathetic
  • block Ach at muscarinic receptors
  • used to dry secretions, treat asthma, prevent motion sickness, dilates pupils and bronchi
  • SE: tachy, CNS stimulation, urinary retention, dry mouth, dry eyes, constipation, intolerance to heat
19
Q

phrase to remember side effects of anticholinergics

A

can’t see, can’t pee, can’t spit, can’t shit

20
Q

nicotinic receptors (2 types and what they trigger)

A
  • nicotinic (N): release of epi from adrenal medulla

- nicotinic (M): contraction of skeletal muscle

21
Q

muscarinic receptors: what they do (a lot)

A
  • increase glandular secretions
  • contraction of smooth muscle
  • slowing of HR
  • contraction of sphincter muscle of iris (miosis)
  • contraction of ciliary muscle of eye (for near vision)
  • voiding of urinary bladder (contract detrusor muscle, relax trigone/sphincter muscles)
22
Q

alpha receptors: what they do

A

1: blood vessels
2: nerve terminals

23
Q

beta receptors: what they do

A

1: heart (inc. HR, inc. force of contraction, inc. velocity of impulse through AV node) and kidney (inc. renin leads to release of angiotensin leads to vasoconstriction)
2: lungs bronchodilate, uterus relaxation, blood vessels vasodilation, promote glycogenolysis

24
Q

prototype of parasympathetic agonist

A

bethanechol

25
Q

bethanechol: MOA, indication, SE, contraindications, admin

prototype of what type of med?

A

MOA: stimulates smooth muscle contraction in GI and urinary
indication: postpartum, post-op urinary retention
SE: abd discomfort, diarrhea, nausea, hypotension, brady
contraindications: asthma, bowel obstruction
admin: give 1H before meals

parasympathetic stimulation

26
Q

prototype of anticholinergic

A

atropine

27
Q

atropine: MOA, indication, SE, special consideration

prototype for…

A

MOA: block parasympathetic actions of Ach, induce fight or flight
indication: bradycardia, eye exams, irritable bowel, surgical procedures (used to suppress secretions)
SE: drowsiness, blurred vision, photophobia, inc. intraocular pressure, tachy, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, anhidrosis
special consideration: treat OD with physostigmine

anticholinergic

28
Q

atropine OD s/s

A

hot as hell
blind as a bat
dry as a bone
mas as a hatter

29
Q

prototype of adrenergic agonist

A

epinephrine

30
Q

epinephrine: what receptors it acts on, type of adrenergic, indications, adverse effects

A
  • alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2
  • catecholamine
  • indications: cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, hemostasis, bronchodilation, vasoconstriction
  • adverse effects: hypertensive crisis, dysrhythmias, angina, necrosis from extravasation, hyperglycemia
31
Q

prototype of adrenergic antagonist (alpha)

A

prazosin

32
Q

prazosin: indication, SE

A

indications: dec. BP, HTN (NOT monotherapy), urinary outflow probs related to BPH
SE: first dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, weakness, headache, reflex tachycardia (eventually adjusts to this), nasal congestion

33
Q

prototype of adrenergic antagonist (beta nonselective)

A

propranolol

34
Q

propranolol: MOA, indications, adverse effects

A

MOA: blocks beta1 and beta2
indications: HTN, angina, cardiac dysrhythmias, MI
adverse effects: brady, AV heart block, heart failure, rebound cardiac excitation, bronchoconstriction, inhibit glycogenolysis, CNS effects

Pharm II (3 decks)

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