Peripheral Nerves Flashcards
1
Q
What muscles does the Axillary nerve motor innervate?
A
Deltoid and Teres Minor
2
Q
What’s the sensory area of the Axillary nerve?
A
Superolateral shoulder over deltoid
3
Q
What nerve passes through the quadrangular space? What are the borders of the quadrangular space?
A
- sup: Teres Minor
- inf: Teres Major
- lat: Surgical Neck of Humerus
- med: Long Head of Triceps
4
Q
What motor function(s) will be compromised/lost with injury to the Axillary nerve?
A
- shoulder abduction (15°-90°)
- (teres minor can’t be isolated, so can’t evaluate weakness)
- (also provides some innervation to triceps long head)
5
Q
Injury to the Axillary nerve will lead to what sensory loss and/or feeling?
A
- sensory deficit and/or pain over a small area over superolateral shoulder
- possible point tenderness in quadrilateral space and teres minor insertion
6
Q
What’s Teres Syndrome?
A
- compression of axillary nerve in quadrilateral (quadrangular) space
- more common in px with severely internally rotated shoulders/overhead sports players, etc.
7
Q
What muscles does the Musculocutaneous nerve motor innervate?
A
- Biceps Brachii
- Brachialis
- Coracobrachialis
8
Q
What’s the sensory area of the Musculocutaneous nerve?
A
Lateral forearm (via lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve from elbow to wrist).
9
Q
What’s the most common upper limb nerve to be affected by diabetic neuropathy?
A
musculocutaneous
10
Q
What actions are governed by the median nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared?
A
- Sole
- forearm pronation
- thumb opposition
- Shared with ulnar
- wrist flexion
- thumb flexion
- finger flexion
- Shared with radial
- wrist abduction
- thumb abduction
11
Q
What’s the sensory area of the median nerve? What’s the area of isolated supply and what’s the primary zone?
A
- Isolated (sole)
- anterior and posterior aspects of distal tips of fingers 2 and 3
- Primary Zone (shared):
- anterior: lateral 2/3 of palm; boundaries include midline of finger 4 to wrist line
- posterior: distal 2/3 fingers 2 and 3, lateral 1/2 finger 4 (excluding tips of fingers 2 and 3)
12
Q
What are the sensory areas of the MARMU nerves of the brachial plexus?
A
13
Q
What’s pronator teres syndrome? What are some possible causes? What are some clinical findings (i.e. how will px present)?
A
- Median nerve gets entrapped between superficial (humeral) and deep (ulnar) heads of pronator teres muscle.
- Caused by elbow trauma, repetitive elbow flexion, supination and pronation of forearm
- Clinical findings include chronic forearm pain/aching especially with pronation of forearm and parasthesias in the median nerve cutaneous supply
14
Q
Where is the most common site for median nerve injuries? Why there?
A
Wrist is most common site because:
- suicide attempts
- fractures, dislocations, some sprains
- carpal tunnel syndrome
15
Q
What muscles are motor innervated by the Median nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared?
A
- Sole
- pronator teres
- pronator quadratus
- opponens pollicis
- flexor carpi radialis
- flexor pollicis longus
- flexor digitorum superficialis
- lumbricals 1 and 2 (MCP flexion at digits 2 and 3)
- Shared with ulnar
- palmaris longus
- flexor pollicis brevis (superficial 1/2)
- flexor digitorum profundus (radial/lateral 1/2)
- Shared with radial
- flexor carpi radialis
- abductor pollicis brevis
16
Q
What are the muscles of forearm pronation innervated by the median nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
A
Forearm pronation is solely innervated by median:
- pronator teres
- pronator quadratus
17
Q
What are the muscles of wrist flexion innervated by the median nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
A
Action is shared with ulnar.
Median:
- Sole
- flexor carpi radialis
- palmaris longus (if person has one)
- flexor digitorum superficialis
- flexor pollicis longus (somewhat contributes to wrist flx)
- Shared
- 1/2 flexor digitorum profundus
18
Q
What are the muscles of wrist abduction innervated by the median nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
A
Action is shared with radial (but radial innervates different abductor mm)
Median (sole):
- flexor carpi radialis
- flexor pollicis longus (has some effect on wrist abduction)
19
Q
What are the muscles of thumb abduction innervated by the median nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
A
Sole
- Opponens Pollicis
20
Q
What are the muscles of Thumb Flexion innervated by the median nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
A
Action shared with ulnar
Median:
- Sole
- flexor pollicis longus
- Shared
- flexor pollicis brevis (1/2)
21
Q
What are the muscles of thumb abduction innervated by the median nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
A
Action is shared with radial
Median:
- shared
- abductor pollicis brevis
22
Q
What are the muscles of finger flexion innervated by the median nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
A
Action is shared with ulnar
Median:
Fingers 2 - 5
- sole
- flexor digitorum superficialis
- shared
- flexor digitorum profundus (1/2)
Fingers 2 and 3:
- sole
- lumbricals 1 and 2 (MCP flexion at digits 2 and 3)
23
Q
What’s the area of isolated (sole) supply for the median nerve? What’s the primary zone?
A
Isolated: anterior and posterior aspects of distal tips of fingers 2 and 3
Primary:
- anterior: lateral 2/3 of palm, boundaries include midline of finger 4 to wrist line
- posterior: distal 2/3 fingers 2 and 3, lateral 1/2 finger 4 (excluding tips of fingers 2 and 3)
24
Q
What are the autonomics of the median nerve?
A
Median nerve carries majority of autonomic fibres for the entire arm, forearm and hand
25
What proprioception is the median nerve responsible for?
Major proprioception for all thumb movements, responsible for flexor surfaces of fingers 2 and 3 (so responsible for knowing hyperext/gapping of these jts) , lateral aspect of wrist jt.
26
Which nerve is referred to as the "tool utilization" nerve?
median
27
What sensory loss would result from loss of median nerve?
isolated supply (anaesthesia):
* tips of fingers 2 and 3 (ant and post)
primary zone (severe hyaesthesia):
* ant: lat 2/3 palm; boundaries including midline finger 4 to wristline
* post: distal 2/3 fingers 2 and 3, lat 1/2 finger 4 (excl. distal tips fingers 2 and 3)
28
Would there be vasomotor paralysis with loss of median nerve?
yes -- median nerve carries vast majority of autonomic fibres for entire arm, forearm and hand (so this would lead to severe edema)
29
What type of deformity would result from full loss of median nerve function?
ape hand deformity
30
What muscles are motor innervated by the Ulnar nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared?
* Sole
* flexor carpi ulnaris
* abductor digiti minimi
* opponens digiti minimi
* flexor digiti minimi brevis
* interossei muscles: PADs and DABs
* lumbricals to fingers 4 and 5
* adductor pollicis
* (palmaris brevis)
* Shared with median
* flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar/medial half)
* flexor pollicis brevis (deep half)
31
What are the muscles of wrist flexion innervated by the ulnar nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
Action shared with median
Ulnar:
* Sole
* flexor carpi ulnaris
* Shared
* flexor digitorum profundus (1/2)
32
What are the muscles of wrist adduction innervated by the ulnar nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
Action shared with radial n (but radial innervates diff mm)
Ulnar:
* sole
* flexor carpi ulnaris
33
What are the muscles of thumb flexion innervated by the ulnar nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
Action shared with median
* flexor pollicis brevis (1/2)
34
What are the muscles of abduction and opposition of digiti minimi innervated by the ulnar nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
Action solely innervated by Ulnar
* abductor digiti minimi
* opponens digiti minimi
35
What are the muscles of thumb adduction innervated by the ulnar nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
Action solely innervated by ulnar
* adductor pollicis
36
What are the muscles of fingers 2-5 adduction and abduction innervated by the ulnar nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
Action solely innervated by ulnar
* interrossei (palmar adductors PADs; dorsal abductors DABs)
37
What are the muscles of fingers 4 and 5 flexion innervated by the ulnar nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
Action shared with median
* Sole
* flexor digit minimi brevis
* Shared
* lumbricals (ulnar sole to 4 and 5; median sole to 2 and 3) (MCPs)
* flexor digitorum profundus (1/2) (DIPs)
38
What's the Arcade of Struthers and what's its significance?
* thick fascia that extends from the medial head of the triceps to the intermuscular septum (between the triceps and biceps muscles)
* possible compression site for ulnar nerve
39
What is cubital tunnel syndrome?
* Cubital tunnel compression -- the fascial covering that overlies the ulnar nerve as it travels from superficial (at the elbow) to deep (just distal to the elbow into the forearm between the two heads of FCU)
* causes include: sleep palsy (prolonged elbow flexion during sleep), iatrogenic (cause by medical procedures) compression, trauma, tumors
40
What are the areas of isolated supply and primary zone for the ulnar nerve?
41
What's Horner's Syndrome, and what's the tetrad of Symptoms that can occur?
In some cases of T1 nerve root injuries, Horner's syndrome can occur due to traction damage to the proximal sympathetic chain.
42
What actions will be compromised by injury to the Musculocutaneous nerve
Weakness in elbow flexion, supination, loss of biceps DTR
43
Which nerve(s) govern forearm pronation
Action solely innervated by median nerve
* pronator teres
* pronator quadratus
44
Which nerve(s) govern wrist flexion
median and ulnar
Median:
* Sole
* flexor carpi radialis
* palmaris longus (if person has one)
* flexor digitorum superficialis
* flexor pollicis longus (somewhat contributes to wrist flx)
Ulnar:
* Sole
* flexor carpi ulnaris
Shared
* 1/2 flexor digitorum profundus
45
Which nerve(s) govern wrist abduction?
median and radial
Median (sole):
* flexor carpi radialis
* flexor pollicis longus (has some effect on wrist abduction)
Radial (sole):
* extensor carpi radialis longus
* extensor carpi radialis brevis
46
Which nerve(s) govern thumb opposition?
medial (sole)
47
Which nerve(s) govern thumb flexion?
median and ulnar
Median sole:
* flexor pollicis longus
Shared:
* flexor pollicis brevis
48
Which nerve(s) govern thumb abduction?
median and radial
Median (sole)
* Opponens Pollicis
Radial (sole)
* Abductor Pollicis Longus
49
Which nerve(s) govern finger flexion?
median and ulnar
Median sole:
* flexor digitorum superficialis
* lumbricals to fingers 2 and 3
Ulnar sole:
* flexor digiti minimi brevis
* lumbricals to fingers 4 and 5
Shared
* flexor digitorum profundus
* flexor pollicis brevis
50
Which nerve(s) govern autonomics for the entire arm, forearm and hand?
median carries vast majority
51
What's the proprioceptive area of the median nerve?
Major proprioception for all thumb movements, flexor surfaces of fingers 2 and 3, lateral aspect of anterior wrist.
52
Which nerve is known as the "tool utilization" nerve?
median
53
What are the most common causes of ulnar nerve lesions?
* shoulder wrenching injuries (like grabbing something overhead to break a fall)
* compression (e.g. crutch use)
54
What are the muscles of thumb opposition innervated by the median nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
Action solely innervated by the median nerve:
* opponens pollicis
55
What nerve root axons lead to the Ulnar nerve?
C8-T1
56
What nerve root axons lead to the Median nerve?
C7-T1
57
Which nerve(s) govern 5th finger abduction?
Action solely innervated by ulnar
* abductor digiti minimi
58
Which nerve(s) govern 5th finger opposition?
solely ulnar
* opponens digiti minimi
59
Which nerve(s) govern finger adduction and abduction?
solely ulnar
* interossei muscles: PADs and DABs
60
Which nerve(s) govern thumb adduction?
solely ulnar
* adductor pollicis
61
What muscles are motor innervated by the Radial nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared?
Sole
As Radial Nerve
* triceps
* anconeus
* brachioradialis
* extensor carpi radialis longus
As Deep Radial/Posterior Interosseous Nerve (remember superficial radial nerve is sensory only)
* extensor carpi radialis brevis
* extensor digitorum
* extensor digiti minimi
* extensor carpi ulnaris
* supinator
* abductor pollicis longus
* extensor indicis
* extensor pollicis longus and brevis
62
What are the muscles of elbow extension innervated by the radial nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
solely radial
* triceps brachii
* anconeus
63
What are the muscles of elbow flexion innervated by the radial nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
Action shared with musculocutaneous
Ulnar:
* Shared
* brachioradialis
64
What are the muscles of forearm supination innervated by the radial nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
Action shared with musculocutaneous
Ulnar:
* Shared
* supinator
65
What are the muscles of wrist extension innervated by the radial nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
Solely radial
* ECRL
* ECRB
* ECU
* (ED, EI, EDM, ABPL - help to some degree)
66
What are the muscles of wrist abduction innervated by the radial nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
Action shared with median
Radial
* Shared
* ECRL
* ECRB
67
What are the muscles of wrist adduction innervated by the radial nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
Action shared with the ulnar nerve
Radial
* Sole
* extensor carpi ulnaris
68
What are the muscles of finger extension innervated by the radial nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
Solely radial
* extensor digitorum
* extensor indicis
* extensor digiti minimi
69
What are the muscles of thumb abduction innervated by the radial nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
Action shared with median nerve
Radial
* Shared
* abductor pollicis longus
70
What are the deep tendon reflexes supplied by the radial nerve?
* triceps
* brachioradialis
71
What's the area of isolated supply and primary zone for the radial nerve?
Isolated: dorsal webspace of hand
Primary: majority of posterolateral arm and forearm, lateral 2/3 of dorsal hand, midline finger 4 (is the usual boundary) except distal tips fingers 2 and 3.
(find image to show this)
72
What proprioception is supplied by the radial nerve?
extensor surfaces: elbow, wrist and fingers 2, 3, 4.
73
Which nerve(s) govern elbow extension?
Solely radial nerve
* triceps brachii
* anconeus
74
Which nerve(s) govern elbow flexion?
Shared between radial and musculocutaneous
* Radial (sole)
* brachioradialis
* Musculocutaneous (sole)
* biceps brachii
* brachialis
75
Which nerve(s) govern forearm supination?
Shared by radial and musculocutaneous.
Radial (sole)
* supinator
Musculocutaneous (sole)
* biceps brachii
76
Which nerve(s) govern wrist extension?
Solely radial nerve.
* extensor carpi radialis longus
* extensor carpi radialis brevis
* extensor carpi ulnaris
* (ED, EI, EDM, ABPL - all help extension somewhat)
77
Which nerve(s) govern wrist adduction?
Shared by ulnar and radial nerves.
Ulnar (sole)
* flexor carpi ulnaris
Radial (sole)
* extensor carpi ulnaris
78
Which nerve(s) govern finger extension?
Solely radial.
* extensor digitorum
* extensor indicis
* extensor digiti minimi
79
Which nerve(s) govern thumb extension?
Solely radial
* extensor pollicis longus
* extensor pollicis brevis
80
What deep tendon reflexes are supplied by the radial nerve?
* triceps brachii
* brachioradialis
81
What are the muscles of shoulder abduction innervated by the axillary nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
Action shared with suprascapular nerve
Axillary (sole)
* deltoids
Suprascapular (sole)
* supraspinatus
82
What are the muscles of arm external rotation innervated by the axillary nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
Action shared with suprascapular nerve.
Axillary (sole):
* teres minor
* posterior/spinal part of deltoid
83
Which nerve(s) govern shoulder abduction?
Action shared between axillary and suprascapular nerves.
Axillary (sole):
* deltoids
Suprascapular (sole):
* supraspinatus
84
Which nerve(s) govern external rotation of the shoulder?
Action shared between axillary and suprascapular nerves.
Axillary (sole):
* teres minor
* deltoids posterior/spinal part
Suprascapular (sole):
* infraspinatus
85
Which nerve(s) govern internal rotation of the shoulder? (DW too much about this one for now)
Action shared between upper and lower subscapular, thoracodorsal, lateral and medial pectoral, axillary nerves
Upper subscapular nerve:
* Shared
* subscapularis
Lower subscapular nerve:
* Sole
* teres major
* Shared
* subscapularis
Thoracodorsal:
* Sole
* latissimus dorsi
Lateral and medial pectoral:
* Sole (together)
* pectoralis major
Axillary:
* Sole
* anterior deltoid
86
What are the muscles of elbow flexion innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?
Action shared with radial nerve.
Musculocutaneous (sole):
* biceps brachii
* brachialis
87
What are the muscles of shoulder adduction innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves? (DW too much about all the shared nerves for now)
Action shared between musculocutaneous, suprascapular, upper and lower subscapular, thoracodorsal, lateral and medial pectoral nerves.
Musculocutaneous:
* Sole
* coracobrachialis
88
Which nerve(s) govern shoulder adduction? (DW too much about this one for now)
Action shared between musculocutaneous, suprascapular, upper and lower subscapular, thoracodorsal, lateral and medial pectoral nerves.
Musculocutaneous:
* Sole
* coracobrachialis
Upper subscapular nerve:
* Shared
* subscapularis
Lower subscapular nerve:
* Sole
* teres major
* Shared
* subscapularis
Thoracodorsal:
* Sole
* latissimus dorsi
Lateral and medial pectoral:
* Sole (together)
* pectoralis major
Suprascapular:
* Sole
* infraspinatus
89
What are the nerve roots of the brachial plexus?
C5-T1
90
What are the primary divisions of the lumbar plexus? Which is anterior and which is posterior?
* Obturator nerve (anterior division)
* Femoral nerve (posterior division)
91
What muscles are motor innervated by the Obturator nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared?
Supplies muscles of the medial thigh.
Sole:
* obturator externus
* adductor brevis
* adductor longus
* gracilis
Shared with sciatic/tibial nerve:
* adductor magnus (anterior fibres)
92
What's the sensory area of the obturator nerve?
93
What are some common causes of obturator nerve lesions?
Obturator nerve injury fairly rare.
* pelvic/abdominal/hip replacement surgeries
* pelvis neoplasm
* pelvic and acetabular fractures
* pregnancy
* entrapment
94
What muscles are motor innervated by the femoral nerve?
Muscles of the anterior.
Solely innervated by the femoral nerve:
* psoas major
* iliacus
* sartorius
* pectineus
* rectus femoris
* vastus medialis
* vastus lateralis
* vastus intermedius
95
What deep tendon reflex is supplied by the femoral nerve?
patellar DTR
96
What sensory area is supplied by the femoral nerve?
Several sensory branches of femoral nerve:
* anterior femoral cutaneous: anterior thigh and anterior knee
* lateral femoral cutaneous: lateral thigh
* posterior femoral cutaneous: posterior thigh
* saphenous nerve: medial lower leg and foot
97
What are the major causes of femoral nerve injury?
(remember it runs through the femoral triangle)
* meralgia paresthetica: compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve causing burning, pain, numbness, tingling along lateral aspect of thigh (causes: seat belt injuries, tight clothing/obesity/pregnancy)
* pelvic or femoral fractures
* iatrogenic injury (e.g. pelvic surgery)
* diabetic neuropathy, femoral hernia
98
What are the nerve roots of the sacral plexus?
L4-S2
(Michelle's notes say S2, physio site says S3)
99
What are the nerve roots of the lumbar plexus?
100
What are the primary divisions of the sacral plexus? Which is anterior and which is posterior?
* Tibial nerve (anterior division)
* Common Peroneal nerve (posterior division)
101
What is the longest and widest nerve in the body?
sciatic nerve
102
What is the pathway of the Sciatic Nerve?
Travels through buttock encased in a common sheath forming sciatic nerve. Exits pelvis through greater sciatic foramen, passing deep to piriformis muscle. Proximal to knee, the sciatic nerve splits into its divisions to supply the lower leg muscles.
103
What are some common causes of Sciatic nerve lesions?
At the pelvis/buttocks:
* fractures
* severe blow, fall, lacerations, sacroiliac trauma
* improperly administered injections
* iatrogenic injury
* child birth injuries (to mother)
* piriformis syndrome: entrapment of the sciatic nerve (related to hypertrophy, inflammation, spasticity, or irritability of the piriformis)
At the thigh:
* femoral fractures
* severe blows, lacerations, messy manstring injuries
104
What muscles are motor innervated by the sciatic nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared?
Sole:
* semitendinosus
* semimembranosus
* biceps femoris (both heads)
Shared with obturator nerve:
* adductor magnus
PLUS ALL muscles below knee (as either tibial or common peroneal)
105
Which nerve(s) govern knee flexion?
Sciatic Nerve and its Tibial Nerve branch. Very minor influence by Femoral Nerve.
As Sciatic Nerve:
* Sole
* semitendinosus
* semimembranosus
* biceps femoris (both heads)
As Tibial Nerve (minor role):
* Sole
* popliteus (screw home)
* gastrocnemius
* plantaris
Femoral Nerve (minor role):
* Sartorius
106
Which nerve(s) govern hip adduction?
obturator and sciatic
Obturator:
* Sole:
* adductor brevis
* adductor longus
* gracilis
* Shared with sciatic/tibial nerve:
* adductor magnus (anterior fibres)
Sciatic
* Shared with obturator:
* adductor magnus (minor role)
107
Which nerve(s) govern hip extension?
sciatic, inferior and superior gluteal nerves
Sciatic:
* Sole:
* semitendinosus
* semimembranosus
* biceps femoris (both heads)
Inferior Gluteal nerve:
* Sole:
* gluteus maximus
Superior Gluteal nerve:
* Sole:
* gluteus medius
108
What muscles are motor innervated by the tibial nerve?
Sole
* popliteus
* gastrocnemius
* plantaris
* soleus
* tibialis posterior
* flexor digitorum longus
* flexor hallucis longus
* flexor digitorum brevis
* flexor hallucus brevis
* intrinsic foot muscles
109
What muscles are motor innervated by the common peroneal nerve?
Superficial peroneal nerve (foot eversion)
* peroneus longus
* peroneus brevis
Deep peroneal nerve (foot dorsiflexion, toe extension)
* tibialis anterior
* extensor digitorum longus
* extensor hallucis longus
* peroneus tertius
* extensor digitorum brevis
110
Which nerve(s) govern hip flexion?
Action solely innervated by Femoral Nerve
* psoas major
* iliacus
* rectus femoris
* sartorius
111
Which nerve(s) govern knee extension?
Action solely innervated by Femoral Nerve
* rectus femoris
* vastus medialis
* vastus lateralis
* vastus intermedius
112
Which nerve(s) govern ankle inversion?
Action shared by Tibial and Deep Peroneal nerves
Tibial
* Sole
* tibialis posterior
Deep peroneal nerve
* Sole
* tibialis anterior
113
Which nerve(s) govern foot dorsiflexion?
Deep Peroneal
* Sole
* tibialis anterior
* extensor digitorum longus
* extensor hallucis longus
114
Which nerve(s) govern foot plantarflexion?
Action shared between Tibial and Superficial Peroneal nerves
Tibial Nerve
* Sole
* gastrocnemius
* soleus
* plantaris
* tibialis posterior
* flexor digitorum longus
* flexor hallucis longus
Superficial peroneal nerve
* Sole
* peroneus longus
* peroneus brevis
115
Which nerve(s) govern foot eversion?
Solely by Superficial Peroneal nerve
* peroneus longus
* peroneus brevis
116
What's the sensory area of the Sciatic nerve and its branches?
117
What Deep Tendon Reflex is supplied by the Sciatic Nerve?
Achilles jerk/plantar reflex
118
What proprioception is the Sciatic Nerve responsible for?
knee, ankle and foot joints
119
Is the Sciatic nerve responsible for ANS to the leg?
Yes, via Tibial Division
120
Which nerve(s) govern toe flexion?
Solely Tibial Nerve
* Sole
* flexor digitorum longus
* flexor hallucis longus
* flexor digitorum brevis
* flexor hallucus brevis
* intrinsic foot muscles
121
Which nerve(s) govern toe extension?
Solely by Deep peroneal nerve
* extensor digitorum longus
* extensor hallucis longus
* extensor digitorum brevis
122
What's the pathway of the Tibial Nerve?
123
What's Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome?
124
What's the sensory area of the Tibial nerve? What's the area of isolated supply and what's the primary zone?
125
Where does the Common Peroneal Nerve travel?
126
What's the sensory distribution supplied by the Common Peroneal nerve?
127
What proprioception is supplied by the Tibial nerve?
Responsible for all joints of ankle and foot
128
What happens to ANS in leg with full loss of Tibial Nerve function?
Vasomotor paralysis - massive edema with tissue dystrophy and risk of gangrene
129
What are some common causes of Tibial nerve lesions?
Knee
* posterior knee dislocations/injuries to popliteal space
* tibial nerve entrapment due to excessive kneeling
* tibial nerve compression by Baker's cyst, neuromas, hematomas
Leg
* tibial fracture
Ankle
* most commonly damaged where it enters sole of foot by passing posterior to medial malleolus
* medial dislocations, severe medial sprains
* tarsal tunnel syndrome
Foot
* susceptible to various metatarsal and toe injuries
* very vulnerable to lacerations on plantar surface of foot (stepping on glass, nails, etc.)
* Moron's Neuroma: chronic compression of plantar interdigital nerves (terminal branches of medial and lateral plantar nerves) between adjacent MT heads
* Baxter's Neuritis
* Jogger's Foot
