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T4 Systems > Peripheral Nerves > Flashcards

Peripheral Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles does the Axillary nerve motor innervate?

A

Deltoid and Teres Minor

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2
Q

What’s the sensory area of the Axillary nerve?

A

Superolateral shoulder over deltoid

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3
Q

What nerve passes through the quadrangular space? What are the borders of the quadrangular space?

A
  • sup: Teres Minor
  • inf: Teres Major
  • lat: Surgical Neck of Humerus
  • med: Long Head of Triceps
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4
Q

What motor function(s) will be compromised/lost with injury to the Axillary nerve?

A
  • shoulder abduction (15°-90°)
  • (teres minor can’t be isolated, so can’t evaluate weakness)
  • (also provides some innervation to triceps long head)
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5
Q

Injury to the Axillary nerve will lead to what sensory loss and/or feeling?

A
  • sensory deficit and/or pain over a small area over superolateral shoulder
  • possible point tenderness in quadrilateral space and teres minor insertion
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6
Q

What’s Teres Syndrome?

A
  • compression of axillary nerve in quadrilateral (quadrangular) space
  • more common in px with severely internally rotated shoulders/overhead sports players, etc.
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7
Q

What muscles does the Musculocutaneous nerve motor innervate?

A
  • Biceps Brachii
  • Brachialis
  • Coracobrachialis
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8
Q

What’s the sensory area of the Musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Lateral forearm (via lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve from elbow to wrist).

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9
Q

What’s the most common upper limb nerve to be affected by diabetic neuropathy?

A

musculocutaneous

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10
Q

What actions are governed by the median nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared?

A
  • Sole
    • forearm pronation
    • thumb opposition
  • Shared with ulnar
    • wrist flexion
    • thumb flexion
    • finger flexion
  • Shared with radial
    • wrist abduction
    • thumb abduction
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11
Q

What’s the sensory area of the median nerve? What’s the area of isolated supply and what’s the primary zone?

A
  • Isolated (sole)
    • anterior and posterior aspects of distal tips of fingers 2 and 3
  • Primary Zone (shared):
    • anterior: lateral 2/3 of palm; boundaries include midline of finger 4 to wrist line
    • posterior: distal 2/3 fingers 2 and 3, lateral 1/2 finger 4 (excluding tips of fingers 2 and 3)
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12
Q

What are the sensory areas of the MARMU nerves of the brachial plexus?

A
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13
Q

What’s pronator teres syndrome? What are some possible causes? What are some clinical findings (i.e. how will px present)?

A
  • Median nerve gets entrapped between superficial (humeral) and deep (ulnar) heads of pronator teres muscle.
  • Caused by elbow trauma, repetitive elbow flexion, supination and pronation of forearm
  • Clinical findings include chronic forearm pain/aching especially with pronation of forearm and parasthesias in the median nerve cutaneous supply
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14
Q

Where is the most common site for median nerve injuries? Why there?

A

Wrist is most common site because:

  • suicide attempts
  • fractures, dislocations, some sprains
  • carpal tunnel syndrome
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15
Q

What muscles are motor innervated by the Median nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared?

A
  • Sole
    • pronator teres
    • pronator quadratus
    • opponens pollicis
    • flexor carpi radialis
    • flexor pollicis longus
    • flexor digitorum superficialis
    • lumbricals 1 and 2 (MCP flexion at digits 2 and 3)
  • Shared with ulnar
    • palmaris longus
    • flexor pollicis brevis (superficial 1/2)
    • flexor digitorum profundus (radial/lateral 1/2)
  • Shared with radial
    • flexor carpi radialis
    • abductor pollicis brevis
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16
Q

What are the muscles of forearm pronation innervated by the median nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Forearm pronation is solely innervated by median:

  • pronator teres
  • pronator quadratus
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17
Q

What are the muscles of wrist flexion innervated by the median nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Action is shared with ulnar.

Median:

  • Sole
    • flexor carpi radialis
    • palmaris longus (if person has one)
    • flexor digitorum superficialis
    • flexor pollicis longus (somewhat contributes to wrist flx)
  • Shared
    • 1/2 flexor digitorum profundus
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18
Q

What are the muscles of wrist abduction innervated by the median nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Action is shared with radial (but radial innervates different abductor mm)

Median (sole):

  • flexor carpi radialis
  • flexor pollicis longus (has some effect on wrist abduction)
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19
Q

What are the muscles of thumb abduction innervated by the median nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Sole

  • Opponens Pollicis
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20
Q

What are the muscles of Thumb Flexion innervated by the median nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Action shared with ulnar

Median:

  • Sole
    • flexor pollicis longus
  • Shared
    • flexor pollicis brevis (1/2)
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21
Q

What are the muscles of thumb abduction innervated by the median nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Action is shared with radial

Median:

  • shared
    • abductor pollicis brevis
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22
Q

What are the muscles of finger flexion innervated by the median nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Action is shared with ulnar

Median:

Fingers 2 - 5

  • sole
    • flexor digitorum superficialis
  • shared
    • flexor digitorum profundus (1/2)

Fingers 2 and 3:

  • sole
    • lumbricals 1 and 2 (MCP flexion at digits 2 and 3)
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23
Q

What’s the area of isolated (sole) supply for the median nerve? What’s the primary zone?

A

Isolated: anterior and posterior aspects of distal tips of fingers 2 and 3

Primary:

  • anterior: lateral 2/3 of palm, boundaries include midline of finger 4 to wrist line
  • posterior: distal 2/3 fingers 2 and 3, lateral 1/2 finger 4 (excluding tips of fingers 2 and 3)
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24
Q

What are the autonomics of the median nerve?

A

Median nerve carries majority of autonomic fibres for the entire arm, forearm and hand

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25
Q

What proprioception is the median nerve responsible for?

A

Major proprioception for all thumb movements, responsible for flexor surfaces of fingers 2 and 3 (so responsible for knowing hyperext/gapping of these jts) , lateral aspect of wrist jt.

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26
Q

Which nerve is referred to as the “tool utilization” nerve?

A

median

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27
Q

What sensory loss would result from loss of median nerve?

A

isolated supply (anaesthesia):

  • tips of fingers 2 and 3 (ant and post)

primary zone (severe hyaesthesia):

  • ant: lat 2/3 palm; boundaries including midline finger 4 to wristline
  • post: distal 2/3 fingers 2 and 3, lat 1/2 finger 4 (excl. distal tips fingers 2 and 3)
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28
Q

Would there be vasomotor paralysis with loss of median nerve?

A

yes – median nerve carries vast majority of autonomic fibres for entire arm, forearm and hand (so this would lead to severe edema)

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29
Q

What type of deformity would result from full loss of median nerve function?

A

ape hand deformity

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30
Q

What muscles are motor innervated by the Ulnar nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared?

A
  • Sole
    • flexor carpi ulnaris
    • abductor digiti minimi
    • opponens digiti minimi
    • flexor digiti minimi brevis
    • interossei muscles: PADs and DABs
    • lumbricals to fingers 4 and 5
    • adductor pollicis
    • (palmaris brevis)
  • Shared with median
    • flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar/medial half)
    • flexor pollicis brevis (deep half)
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31
Q

What are the muscles of wrist flexion innervated by the ulnar nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Action shared with median

Ulnar:

  • Sole
    • flexor carpi ulnaris
  • Shared
    • flexor digitorum profundus (1/2)
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32
Q

What are the muscles of wrist adduction innervated by the ulnar nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Action shared with radial n (but radial innervates diff mm)

Ulnar:

  • sole
    • flexor carpi ulnaris
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33
Q

What are the muscles of thumb flexion innervated by the ulnar nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Action shared with median

  • flexor pollicis brevis (1/2)
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34
Q

What are the muscles of abduction and opposition of digiti minimi innervated by the ulnar nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Action solely innervated by Ulnar

  • abductor digiti minimi
  • opponens digiti minimi
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35
Q

What are the muscles of thumb adduction innervated by the ulnar nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Action solely innervated by ulnar

  • adductor pollicis
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36
Q

What are the muscles of fingers 2-5 adduction and abduction innervated by the ulnar nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Action solely innervated by ulnar

  • interrossei (palmar adductors PADs; dorsal abductors DABs)
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37
Q

What are the muscles of fingers 4 and 5 flexion innervated by the ulnar nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Action shared with median

  • Sole
    • flexor digit minimi brevis
  • Shared
    • lumbricals (ulnar sole to 4 and 5; median sole to 2 and 3) (MCPs)
    • flexor digitorum profundus (1/2) (DIPs)
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38
Q

What’s the Arcade of Struthers and what’s its significance?

A
  • thick fascia that extends from the medial head of the triceps to the intermuscular septum (between the triceps and biceps muscles)
  • possible compression site for ulnar nerve
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39
Q

What is cubital tunnel syndrome?

A
  • Cubital tunnel compression – the fascial covering that overlies the ulnar nerve as it travels from superficial (at the elbow) to deep (just distal to the elbow into the forearm between the two heads of FCU)
  • causes include: sleep palsy (prolonged elbow flexion during sleep), iatrogenic (cause by medical procedures) compression, trauma, tumors
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40
Q

What are the areas of isolated supply and primary zone for the ulnar nerve?

A
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41
Q

What’s Horner’s Syndrome, and what’s the tetrad of Symptoms that can occur?

A

In some cases of T1 nerve root injuries, Horner’s syndrome can occur due to traction damage to the proximal sympathetic chain.

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42
Q

What actions will be compromised by injury to the Musculocutaneous nerve

A

Weakness in elbow flexion, supination, loss of biceps DTR

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43
Q

Which nerve(s) govern forearm pronation

A

Action solely innervated by median nerve

  • pronator teres
  • pronator quadratus
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44
Q

Which nerve(s) govern wrist flexion

A

median and ulnar

Median:

  • Sole
    • flexor carpi radialis
    • palmaris longus (if person has one)
    • flexor digitorum superficialis
    • flexor pollicis longus (somewhat contributes to wrist flx)

Ulnar:

  • Sole
    • flexor carpi ulnaris

Shared

  • 1/2 flexor digitorum profundus
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45
Q

Which nerve(s) govern wrist abduction?

A

median and radial

Median (sole):

  • flexor carpi radialis
  • flexor pollicis longus (has some effect on wrist abduction)

Radial (sole):

  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
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46
Q

Which nerve(s) govern thumb opposition?

A

medial (sole)

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47
Q

Which nerve(s) govern thumb flexion?

A

median and ulnar

Median sole:

  • flexor pollicis longus

Shared:

  • flexor pollicis brevis
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48
Q

Which nerve(s) govern thumb abduction?

A

median and radial

Median (sole)

  • Opponens Pollicis

Radial (sole)

  • Abductor Pollicis Longus
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49
Q

Which nerve(s) govern finger flexion?

A

median and ulnar

Median sole:

  • flexor digitorum superficialis
  • lumbricals to fingers 2 and 3

Ulnar sole:

  • flexor digiti minimi brevis
  • lumbricals to fingers 4 and 5

Shared

  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • flexor pollicis brevis
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50
Q

Which nerve(s) govern autonomics for the entire arm, forearm and hand?

A

median carries vast majority

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51
Q

What’s the proprioceptive area of the median nerve?

A

Major proprioception for all thumb movements, flexor surfaces of fingers 2 and 3, lateral aspect of anterior wrist.

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52
Q

Which nerve is known as the “tool utilization” nerve?

A

median

53
Q

What are the most common causes of ulnar nerve lesions?

A
  • shoulder wrenching injuries (like grabbing something overhead to break a fall)
  • compression (e.g. crutch use)
54
Q

What are the muscles of thumb opposition innervated by the median nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Action solely innervated by the median nerve:

  • opponens pollicis
55
Q

What nerve root axons lead to the Ulnar nerve?

A

C8-T1

56
Q

What nerve root axons lead to the Median nerve?

A

C7-T1

57
Q

Which nerve(s) govern 5th finger abduction?

A

Action solely innervated by ulnar

  • abductor digiti minimi
58
Q

Which nerve(s) govern 5th finger opposition?

A

solely ulnar

  • opponens digiti minimi
59
Q

Which nerve(s) govern finger adduction and abduction?

A

solely ulnar

  • interossei muscles: PADs and DABs
60
Q

Which nerve(s) govern thumb adduction?

A

solely ulnar

  • adductor pollicis
61
Q

What muscles are motor innervated by the Radial nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared?

A

Sole

As Radial Nerve

  • triceps
  • anconeus
  • brachioradialis
  • extensor carpi radialis longus

As Deep Radial/Posterior Interosseous Nerve (remember superficial radial nerve is sensory only)

  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
  • supinator
  • abductor pollicis longus
  • extensor indicis
  • extensor pollicis longus and brevis
62
Q

What are the muscles of elbow extension innervated by the radial nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

solely radial

  • triceps brachii
  • anconeus
63
Q

What are the muscles of elbow flexion innervated by the radial nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Action shared with musculocutaneous

Ulnar:

  • Shared
    • brachioradialis
64
Q

What are the muscles of forearm supination innervated by the radial nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Action shared with musculocutaneous

Ulnar:

  • Shared
    • supinator
65
Q

What are the muscles of wrist extension innervated by the radial nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Solely radial

  • ECRL
  • ECRB
  • ECU
  • (ED, EI, EDM, ABPL - help to some degree)
66
Q

What are the muscles of wrist abduction innervated by the radial nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Action shared with median

Radial

  • Shared
    • ECRL
    • ECRB
67
Q

What are the muscles of wrist adduction innervated by the radial nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Action shared with the ulnar nerve

Radial

  • Sole
    • extensor carpi ulnaris
68
Q

What are the muscles of finger extension innervated by the radial nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Solely radial

  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor indicis
  • extensor digiti minimi
69
Q

What are the muscles of thumb abduction innervated by the radial nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Action shared with median nerve

Radial

  • Shared
    • abductor pollicis longus
70
Q

What are the deep tendon reflexes supplied by the radial nerve?

A
  • triceps
  • brachioradialis
71
Q

What’s the area of isolated supply and primary zone for the radial nerve?

A

Isolated: dorsal webspace of hand

Primary: majority of posterolateral arm and forearm, lateral 2/3 of dorsal hand, midline finger 4 (is the usual boundary) except distal tips fingers 2 and 3.
(find image to show this)

72
Q

What proprioception is supplied by the radial nerve?

A

extensor surfaces: elbow, wrist and fingers 2, 3, 4.

73
Q

Which nerve(s) govern elbow extension?

A

Solely radial nerve

  • triceps brachii
  • anconeus
74
Q

Which nerve(s) govern elbow flexion?

A

Shared between radial and musculocutaneous

  • Radial (sole)
    • brachioradialis
  • Musculocutaneous (sole)
    • biceps brachii
    • brachialis
75
Q

Which nerve(s) govern forearm supination?

A

Shared by radial and musculocutaneous.

Radial (sole)

  • supinator

Musculocutaneous (sole)

  • biceps brachii
76
Q

Which nerve(s) govern wrist extension?

A

Solely radial nerve.

  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
  • (ED, EI, EDM, ABPL - all help extension somewhat)
77
Q

Which nerve(s) govern wrist adduction?

A

Shared by ulnar and radial nerves.

Ulnar (sole)

  • flexor carpi ulnaris

Radial (sole)

  • extensor carpi ulnaris
78
Q

Which nerve(s) govern finger extension?

A

Solely radial.

  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor indicis
  • extensor digiti minimi
79
Q

Which nerve(s) govern thumb extension?

A

Solely radial

  • extensor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis brevis
80
Q

What deep tendon reflexes are supplied by the radial nerve?

A
  • triceps brachii
  • brachioradialis
81
Q

What are the muscles of shoulder abduction innervated by the axillary nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Action shared with suprascapular nerve

Axillary (sole)

  • deltoids

Suprascapular (sole)

  • supraspinatus
82
Q

What are the muscles of arm external rotation innervated by the axillary nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Action shared with suprascapular nerve.

Axillary (sole):

  • teres minor
  • posterior/spinal part of deltoid
83
Q

Which nerve(s) govern shoulder abduction?

A

Action shared between axillary and suprascapular nerves.

Axillary (sole):

  • deltoids

Suprascapular (sole):

  • supraspinatus
84
Q

Which nerve(s) govern external rotation of the shoulder?

A

Action shared between axillary and suprascapular nerves.

Axillary (sole):

  • teres minor
  • deltoids posterior/spinal part

Suprascapular (sole):

  • infraspinatus
85
Q

Which nerve(s) govern internal rotation of the shoulder? (DW too much about this one for now)

A

Action shared between upper and lower subscapular, thoracodorsal, lateral and medial pectoral, axillary nerves

Upper subscapular nerve:

  • Shared
    • subscapularis

Lower subscapular nerve:

  • Sole
    • teres major
  • Shared
    • subscapularis

Thoracodorsal:

  • Sole
    • latissimus dorsi

Lateral and medial pectoral:

  • Sole (together)
    • pectoralis major

Axillary:

  • Sole
    • anterior deltoid
86
Q

What are the muscles of elbow flexion innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves?

A

Action shared with radial nerve.

Musculocutaneous (sole):

  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
87
Q

What are the muscles of shoulder adduction innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared with other nerves? (DW too much about all the shared nerves for now)

A

Action shared between musculocutaneous, suprascapular, upper and lower subscapular, thoracodorsal, lateral and medial pectoral nerves.

Musculocutaneous:

  • Sole
    • coracobrachialis
88
Q

Which nerve(s) govern shoulder adduction? (DW too much about this one for now)

A

Action shared between musculocutaneous, suprascapular, upper and lower subscapular, thoracodorsal, lateral and medial pectoral nerves.

Musculocutaneous:

  • Sole
    • coracobrachialis

Upper subscapular nerve:

  • Shared
    • subscapularis

Lower subscapular nerve:

  • Sole
    • teres major
  • Shared
    • subscapularis

Thoracodorsal:

  • Sole
    • latissimus dorsi

Lateral and medial pectoral:

  • Sole (together)
    • pectoralis major

Suprascapular:

  • Sole
    • infraspinatus
89
Q

What are the nerve roots of the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

90
Q

What are the primary divisions of the lumbar plexus? Which is anterior and which is posterior?

A
  • Obturator nerve (anterior division)
  • Femoral nerve (posterior division)
91
Q

What muscles are motor innervated by the Obturator nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared?

A

Supplies muscles of the medial thigh.

Sole:

  • obturator externus
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor longus
  • gracilis

Shared with sciatic/tibial nerve:

  • adductor magnus (anterior fibres)
92
Q

What’s the sensory area of the obturator nerve?

A
93
Q

What are some common causes of obturator nerve lesions?

A

Obturator nerve injury fairly rare.

  • pelvic/abdominal/hip replacement surgeries
  • pelvis neoplasm
  • pelvic and acetabular fractures
  • pregnancy
  • entrapment
94
Q

What muscles are motor innervated by the femoral nerve?

A

Muscles of the anterior.

Solely innervated by the femoral nerve:

  • psoas major
  • iliacus
  • sartorius
  • pectineus
  • rectus femoris
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus lateralis
  • vastus intermedius
95
Q

What deep tendon reflex is supplied by the femoral nerve?

A

patellar DTR

96
Q

What sensory area is supplied by the femoral nerve?

A

Several sensory branches of femoral nerve:

  • anterior femoral cutaneous: anterior thigh and anterior knee
  • lateral femoral cutaneous: lateral thigh
  • posterior femoral cutaneous: posterior thigh
  • saphenous nerve: medial lower leg and foot
97
Q

What are the major causes of femoral nerve injury?

A

(remember it runs through the femoral triangle)

  • meralgia paresthetica: compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve causing burning, pain, numbness, tingling along lateral aspect of thigh (causes: seat belt injuries, tight clothing/obesity/pregnancy)
  • pelvic or femoral fractures
  • iatrogenic injury (e.g. pelvic surgery)
  • diabetic neuropathy, femoral hernia
98
Q

What are the nerve roots of the sacral plexus?

A

L4-S2

(Michelle’s notes say S2, physio site says S3)

99
Q

What are the nerve roots of the lumbar plexus?

A
100
Q

What are the primary divisions of the sacral plexus? Which is anterior and which is posterior?

A
  • Tibial nerve (anterior division)
  • Common Peroneal nerve (posterior division)
101
Q

What is the longest and widest nerve in the body?

A

sciatic nerve

102
Q

What is the pathway of the Sciatic Nerve?

A

Travels through buttock encased in a common sheath forming sciatic nerve. Exits pelvis through greater sciatic foramen, passing deep to piriformis muscle. Proximal to knee, the sciatic nerve splits into its divisions to supply the lower leg muscles.

103
Q

What are some common causes of Sciatic nerve lesions?

A

At the pelvis/buttocks:

  • fractures
  • severe blow, fall, lacerations, sacroiliac trauma
  • improperly administered injections
  • iatrogenic injury
  • child birth injuries (to mother)
  • piriformis syndrome: entrapment of the sciatic nerve (related to hypertrophy, inflammation, spasticity, or irritability of the piriformis)

At the thigh:

  • femoral fractures
  • severe blows, lacerations, messy manstring injuries
104
Q

What muscles are motor innervated by the sciatic nerve? Which are solely innervated and which are shared?

A

Sole:

  • semitendinosus
  • semimembranosus
  • biceps femoris (both heads)

Shared with obturator nerve:

  • adductor magnus

PLUS ALL muscles below knee (as either tibial or common peroneal)

105
Q

Which nerve(s) govern knee flexion?

A

Sciatic Nerve and its Tibial Nerve branch. Very minor influence by Femoral Nerve.

As Sciatic Nerve:

  • Sole
    • semitendinosus
    • semimembranosus
    • biceps femoris (both heads)

As Tibial Nerve (minor role):

  • Sole
    • popliteus (screw home)
    • gastrocnemius
    • plantaris

Femoral Nerve (minor role):

  • Sartorius
106
Q

Which nerve(s) govern hip adduction?

A

obturator and sciatic

Obturator:

  • Sole:
    • adductor brevis
    • adductor longus
    • gracilis
  • Shared with sciatic/tibial nerve:
    • adductor magnus (anterior fibres)

Sciatic

  • Shared with obturator:
    • adductor magnus (minor role)
107
Q

Which nerve(s) govern hip extension?

A

sciatic, inferior and superior gluteal nerves

Sciatic:

  • Sole:
    • semitendinosus
    • semimembranosus
    • biceps femoris (both heads)

Inferior Gluteal nerve:

  • Sole:
    • gluteus maximus

Superior Gluteal nerve:

  • Sole:
    • gluteus medius
108
Q

What muscles are motor innervated by the tibial nerve?

A

Sole

  • popliteus
  • gastrocnemius
  • plantaris
  • soleus
  • tibialis posterior
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • flexor digitorum brevis
  • flexor hallucus brevis
  • intrinsic foot muscles
109
Q

What muscles are motor innervated by the common peroneal nerve?

A

Superficial peroneal nerve (foot eversion)

  • peroneus longus
  • peroneus brevis

Deep peroneal nerve (foot dorsiflexion, toe extension)

  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • peroneus tertius
  • extensor digitorum brevis
110
Q

Which nerve(s) govern hip flexion?

A

Action solely innervated by Femoral Nerve

  • psoas major
  • iliacus
  • rectus femoris
  • sartorius
111
Q

Which nerve(s) govern knee extension?

A

Action solely innervated by Femoral Nerve

  • rectus femoris
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus lateralis
  • vastus intermedius
112
Q

Which nerve(s) govern ankle inversion?

A

Action shared by Tibial and Deep Peroneal nerves

Tibial

  • Sole
    • tibialis posterior

Deep peroneal nerve

  • Sole
    • tibialis anterior
113
Q

Which nerve(s) govern foot dorsiflexion?

A

Deep Peroneal

  • Sole
    • tibialis anterior
    • extensor digitorum longus
    • extensor hallucis longus
114
Q

Which nerve(s) govern foot plantarflexion?

A

Action shared between Tibial and Superficial Peroneal nerves

Tibial Nerve

  • Sole
    • gastrocnemius
    • soleus
    • plantaris
    • tibialis posterior
    • flexor digitorum longus
    • flexor hallucis longus

Superficial peroneal nerve

  • Sole
    • peroneus longus
    • peroneus brevis
115
Q

Which nerve(s) govern foot eversion?

A

Solely by Superficial Peroneal nerve

  • peroneus longus
  • peroneus brevis
116
Q

What’s the sensory area of the Sciatic nerve and its branches?

A
117
Q

What Deep Tendon Reflex is supplied by the Sciatic Nerve?

A

Achilles jerk/plantar reflex

118
Q

What proprioception is the Sciatic Nerve responsible for?

A

knee, ankle and foot joints

119
Q

Is the Sciatic nerve responsible for ANS to the leg?

A

Yes, via Tibial Division

120
Q

Which nerve(s) govern toe flexion?

A

Solely Tibial Nerve

  • Sole
    • flexor digitorum longus
    • flexor hallucis longus
    • flexor digitorum brevis
    • flexor hallucus brevis
    • intrinsic foot muscles
121
Q

Which nerve(s) govern toe extension?

A

Solely by Deep peroneal nerve

  • extensor digitorum longus
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • extensor digitorum brevis
122
Q

What’s the pathway of the Tibial Nerve?

A
123
Q

What’s Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome?

A
124
Q

What’s the sensory area of the Tibial nerve? What’s the area of isolated supply and what’s the primary zone?

A
125
Q

Where does the Common Peroneal Nerve travel?

A
126
Q

What’s the sensory distribution supplied by the Common Peroneal nerve?

A
127
Q

What proprioception is supplied by the Tibial nerve?

A

Responsible for all joints of ankle and foot

128
Q

What happens to ANS in leg with full loss of Tibial Nerve function?

A

Vasomotor paralysis - massive edema with tissue dystrophy and risk of gangrene

129
Q

What are some common causes of Tibial nerve lesions?

A

Knee

  • posterior knee dislocations/injuries to popliteal space
  • tibial nerve entrapment due to excessive kneeling
  • tibial nerve compression by Baker’s cyst, neuromas, hematomas

Leg

  • tibial fracture

Ankle

  • most commonly damaged where it enters sole of foot by passing posterior to medial malleolus
  • medial dislocations, severe medial sprains
  • tarsal tunnel syndrome

Foot

  • susceptible to various metatarsal and toe injuries
  • very vulnerable to lacerations on plantar surface of foot (stepping on glass, nails, etc.)
  • Moron’s Neuroma: chronic compression of plantar interdigital nerves (terminal branches of medial and lateral plantar nerves) between adjacent MT heads
  • Baxter’s Neuritis
  • Jogger’s Foot

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