Peripheral Endocrine Glands Flashcards
Thyroid Gland Structure
C cells, Follicle, Colloid
Follicle
contains the colloid, thyroid hormone is store and produced here.
thyroid hormone (tyrosine n iodine)
T3 n T4; its produced inside of thyroid globulin molecules
Thyroid Hormone
determines basal metabolic rate (BMR); development of the nervous system; Increases Heart and force contraction; breaks/creates fat, carbs, protein
Adrenal Gland Structure
Located above kidneys; Adrenal cortex (outer) & Adrenal Medulla (inner)
Adrenal Cortex (Outer)
Glucocorticoids (Cortisol); Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone); sex hormones (DHEA)
Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)
Inhibits glucose uptake; protein degradation; adaption to stress; anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive (suppresses immune system from self attacking)
Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)
Regulates blood volume and pressure; Secretion causes increase [K+] or decrease [Na+] and low blood volume
Adrenal Medullar (Inner)
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
Sex Hormone (DHEA)
growth of pubic and armpit hair, female sex drive; has biological importance
Adrenal Medulla - Epinephrine SNS
fight-or-flight; maintenance of arterial blood pressure; dilates airway in lungs; induces liver to produce fatty acids for fuel
General Adaptation Syndrom (GAS)
The pattern of reactions when homeostasis is endangered
stress
nonspecific response that overwhelms body to maintain homeostasis
Stressor
harmful stimulus that produces
Stress response (REG by hypothalamus)
Release of epinephrine(fight-or-flight); increase blood glucose and fatty acids; increase aldosterone and vasopressin
Anabolism (Absorption)
Glucose is plentiful; make large molecules from small ones; requires ATP
Catabolism (Postabsorption
Break down big molecules into small ones; Creates ATP
Liver
maintains glucose levels; site of gluconeogenesis
adipose tissue
regulates FA in blood; storage site
Muscle
AA storage; energy user
Brain
uses glucose for energy
Pancreas
contains alpha (glucagon), beta(insulin), delta (somatostatin) cells
Insulin (beta)
Anabolic; controlled by glucose concentration; secreted when glucose levels are high; regulates fat and carb metabolism
Glucagon (alpha)
secreted when there is a decrease in glucose; counter acts insulin effects; fuels metabolism