Peripheral Endocrine Glands

Question 1

Thyroid Gland Structure

Answer 1

C cells, Follicle, Colloid

Question 2

Follicle

Answer 2

contains the colloid, thyroid hormone is store and produced here.

Question 3

thyroid hormone (tyrosine n iodine)

Answer 3

T3 n T4; its produced inside of thyroid globulin molecules

Question 4

Thyroid Hormone

Answer 4

determines basal metabolic rate (BMR); development of the nervous system; Increases Heart and force contraction; breaks/creates fat, carbs, protein

Question 5

Adrenal Gland Structure

Answer 5

Located above kidneys; Adrenal cortex (outer) & Adrenal Medulla (inner)

Question 6

Adrenal Cortex (Outer)

Answer 6

Glucocorticoids (Cortisol); Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone); sex hormones (DHEA)

Question 7

Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)

Answer 7

Inhibits glucose uptake; protein degradation; adaption to stress; anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive (suppresses immune system from self attacking)

Question 8

Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)

Answer 8

Regulates blood volume and pressure; Secretion causes increase [K+] or decrease [Na+] and low blood volume

Question 9

Adrenal Medullar (Inner)

Answer 9

Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 10

Sex Hormone (DHEA)

Answer 10

growth of pubic and armpit hair, female sex drive; has biological importance

Question 11

Adrenal Medulla - Epinephrine SNS

Answer 11

fight-or-flight; maintenance of arterial blood pressure; dilates airway in lungs; induces liver to produce fatty acids for fuel

Question 12

General Adaptation Syndrom (GAS)

Answer 12

The pattern of reactions when homeostasis is endangered

Question 13

stress

Answer 13

nonspecific response that overwhelms body to maintain homeostasis

Question 14

Stressor

Answer 14

harmful stimulus that produces

Question 15

Stress response (REG by hypothalamus)

Answer 15

Release of epinephrine(fight-or-flight); increase blood glucose and fatty acids; increase aldosterone and vasopressin

Question 16

Anabolism (Absorption)

Answer 16

Glucose is plentiful; make large molecules from small ones; requires ATP

Question 17

Catabolism (Postabsorption

Answer 17

Break down big molecules into small ones; Creates ATP

Question 18

Liver

Answer 18

maintains glucose levels; site of gluconeogenesis

Question 19

adipose tissue

Answer 19

regulates FA in blood; storage site

Question 20

Muscle

Answer 20

AA storage; energy user

Question 21

Brain

Answer 21

uses glucose for energy

Question 22

Pancreas

Answer 22

contains alpha (glucagon), beta(insulin), delta (somatostatin) cells

Question 23

Insulin (beta)

Answer 23

Anabolic; controlled by glucose concentration; secreted when glucose levels are high; regulates fat and carb metabolism

Question 24

Glucagon (alpha)

Answer 24

secreted when there is a decrease in glucose; counter acts insulin effects; fuels metabolism

Question 25

Diabetes

Answer 25

Type 1: no insulin secreted; Type 2: over secretion causes target cells to become insensitive

Question 26

Calcium

Answer 26

is regulated to prevent muscle excitation; hypercalcemia; hypocalcimia

Question 27

Calcium Regulation

Answer 27

Vitamin D; calcitonin; parathyroid hormone

Question 28

Calcitonin

Answer 28

Produced in thyroid gland by c cells; lowers [Ca+] in plasma; secreted when levels of Ca+ are too high

Question 29

Parathyroid Hormone

Answer 29

Primary regulator; increases [Ca+] concentration; prevents hypocalcimia; facilitates vitamin D

Question 30

Vitamin D

Answer 30

Stimulates absorption of Ca+ in the intestines; liver and kidney must activate Ca+ b4 it can be absorbed; supply comes from dietary intake