Peripheral Circulation Flashcards
What is the RBC content per micro liter for men and women?
men 4.3-5.9 x 10^6, women 3.5-5.5 x 10^6
What is normal hematocrit for men and women?
men 39-55, women 36-48
What is normal hemoglobin for men and women?
men 13.9-16.3, women 12-15
what is the normal count for Leukocytes per micro liter of blood?
4.8-10.8 x 10^3
What is the normal level for sodium in plasma?
135-145 mEq/L
What is the normal level for Potassium in plasma?
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
What is the normal level for hydrogen (pH) in plasma?
7.35-7.45
What is the normal level for chloride in plasma?
98-107 mEq/L
What is the normal level for cholesterol in blood?
120-180 mg/dL
What is the normal level for glucose in blood?
70-110 mg/dL
What is the normal level for creatinine in blood?
0.7-1.4 mg/dL
what is serum?
plasma minus clotting factors
What are the generally normal pressures in the heart and pulmonary circulation?
RA mean is < 10 mean < 80
what is oxygen saturation % and volume % in heart and pulmonary circulation?
75% 15 in RA, RV and Pulm Artery, 97% or 19.3 in lungs, 95% or 19 in LA, LV and Aorta
Where is the biggest drop in blood pressure and why?
arterioles to capillaries, most of the resistance in the CV system
Where is the cross sectional area the greates in the CV system?
venules highest then capillaries then arterioles
Where is blood flow the lowest and why?
arterioles, capillaries, venules and small veins, because pressure is lower and cross sectional area is increased, want this so exchange of nutrients and waste can be very thorough
How does blood flow and cardiac output change between rest and exercise?
CO from 5.5 L/min to 25 L/min; heart stays same 4-5%, Kidneys from 20% to 2-4%
What is normal blood volume?
7-8% of body weight; body weight x 0.08= weight of blood; 1 kg=1L
How is ohms law adapted to apply to the pressures in CV system?
E=IR becomes P=QR where Q is flow of fluid instead of I electrical current, R is still resistance and P is the pressure
How is Q defined?
flow, Q= V x A, V=velocity and A is the area
What is poiseuilles law?
Q= pi (P1-P2)r^4
8x 1n
n= viscosity
what is the difference in change of flow if resistance is in series? in parallel?
resistance in series will decrease flow, resistance in parallel will increase flow
what are the two kinds of flow? Which is damaging?
laminar and turbulent; turbulent is damaging to endothelium and leads to atherosclerosis
What can increase turbulent flow?
as velocity and diameter increase and viscosity decreases, also common at branch points and in tortuous vessels
what is Reynolds number?
Nr or Re = Dv/n; predictive of development of turbulence; when number is greater than 2000 there is increased propensity of for turbulence
What is the difference between Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids? Which is blood?
Newtonian have set bp, mp, fp, viscosity; blood is a non Newtonian fluid and has no set viscosity
What is the fahraeus lindquist effect?
plasma streaming- as tube diameter decreases below 0.2mm, there is decreasing viscosity (apparent) which can be accounted for by plasma streaming
Why is plasma streaming important?
decreases resistance allowing pressure in arterioles and capillaries to remain low; which keeps systemic pressures lower; decrease in TPR
What organization is seen in the blood in the lumen of small capillaries with plasma streaming?
CFL or cell free layer next to endothelium
