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Hematology Block 1 > Peripheral Blood Smear > Flashcards

Peripheral Blood Smear Flashcards

1
Q

The area of central pallor in a normal RBC should be about ____ of total RBC diameter

A

1/3

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2
Q

Anisocytosis:

A

red cells which vary widely in size

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3
Q

The RDW mathematically measures the:

A

range of red cell sizes (standard deviation of the sizes)

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4
Q

Microcytosis refers to:

A

red cells that are small

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5
Q

You can use the _____ as a visual RBC size reference, or you can use the ____

A

Lymphocyte nucleus; MCV

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6
Q

Differential diagnosis of microcytosis includes:

A

Iron deficiency

Thalassemias

Lead poisoning

Sideroblastic anemia

Anemia of chronic disease (usually normocytic)

Hemoglobin C disease and trait

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7
Q

Macrocytosis refers to:

A

large red cells.

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8
Q

Differential diagnosis of macrocytosis includes:

A

–B12/folate deficiency

–Liver disease

–Thyroid disease

–Chemotherapy (hydrea in particular)

–Anti-retrovirals (AZT)

–Aplastic anemia

–MDS

–Elevated reticulocyte count

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9
Q

What is shown in the photo?

A

Macrocytic RBCs

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10
Q

Most MDS patients are ____cytic, but MDS is a potential cause of ____cytosis.

A

Most MDS patients are NORMOCYTIC, but MDS is a potential cause of MACROCYTOSIS.

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11
Q

Hypochromasia:

A

refers to red cells that have too little hemoglobin.

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12
Q

In Hypochromasia, the area of central pallor is more than ___ the total red cell diameter

A

1/3

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13
Q

Hypochromasia is measured by ____

A

the MCH

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14
Q

Macrocytosis is measured with

A

MCV

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15
Q

What is shown in this image?

A

Hypochromasia

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16
Q

What is shown in this image?

A

Polychromasia

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17
Q

Polychromasia:

A

refers to red cells that have more of a bluish tinge

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18
Q

Polychromasia cells are generally LARGER/SMALLER and are probably _____

A

larger; reticulocytes

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19
Q

What is shown in this image?

A

Poikilocytosis

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20
Q

Poikilocytosis:

A

refers to red cells that vary widely in shape

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21
Q

What is the difference between poikilocytosis and anisocytosis?

A
  • Poikilocytosis refers to red cells that vary widely in shape.
  • Anisocytosis refers to red cells that vary widely in size.
22
Q

What is shown in this image?

A

Target Cells (which often look like bullseyes)

23
Q

Differential diagnoses of Target Cells:

A

–Liver disease

–Thalassemias

–Hemoglobin C

–After splenectomy

24
Q

What is shown in this image?

A

Spherocytes (have loss of central pallor)

25
What diseases are characterized by spherocytes?
–Hereditary spherocytosis –Autoimmune hemolysis
26
If presence of spherocytes is due to ________ (disease), the cells are smaller (i.e. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_)
If due to autoimmune hemolysis; cells are smaller (microspherocytes)
27
What is shown in this image?
Schistocytes (red cell fragments with sharp edges)
28
Schistocytes are the hallmark of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia (MAHA)
29
What is shown in this image?
Sickle Cells (although this slide also contains target cells)
30
What is shown in this image?
Echinocytes, or burr cells have small, regular projections
31
Echinocytes are also called
Burr Cells
32
Echinocytes or Burr Cells are often seen in _____ disease
renal
33
Acanthocytes are also called what?
Spur Cells
34
Acanthocytes or Spur Cells are see in ___ disease
liver
35
What is shown in this image?
Acanthocytes; have larger, irregular projections
36
Teardrop cells are seen in \_\_\_\_\_\_, which are diseases of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Teardrop cells are seen in MYELOPHTHISIC PROCESSES, which are diseases of MARROW INFILTRATION
37
What is shown in this image?
Teardrop cells
38
Teardrop cells can be seen in what diseases? (5)
* Myelofibrosis * Tumor metastatic to marrow * Granulomatous diseases * Leukemias and lymphomas * Sometimes in massive splenomegaly
39
What is shown in this image, and what are they?
Howell-Jolly bodies; peripheral, small, round, purple inclusions within red cells that represent nuclear remnants
40
When are Howell-Jolly bodies seen?
After splenectomy or after cases of splenic hypofunction
41
What abnormal RBC types are seen after splenectomy?
Howell-Jolly bodies, target cells, acanthocytes, schistocytes, nucleated red cells
42
What is shown in this image?
Rouleaux - linear arrangements of red cells
43
What disorders can lead to rouleaux formation?
* They are typically seen in disorders with increased levels of immunoglobulin, such as **Multiple Myeloma** or **Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia**. * Severe hypo-albuminemia can also lead to rouleaux formation
44
What is shown in this image?
Red cell agglutination, which occurs when the red cells are coated with IgM. Unlike rouleaux, the red cell clumbs are not orderly and linear
45
Red cell agglutination occurs when the red cells are coated with \_\_\_\_\_
IgM (which is large enough to bridge two red cells and cause agglutination)
46
What is disease is indicated in this image?
Iron deficiency anemia (characterized by **hypochromic**, **microcytic** cells, as well as **increased number of platelets**)
47
What is shown in this image?
Iron deficiency anemia
48
What are A-E in this image?
A. Target cells B. Howell-jolly body C. Nucleated red cell D. Schistocyte E. Basophilic stippling •Teardrops can also be seen
49
What disease is suggested by this peripheral blood smear?
Beta-thalassemia major
50
What is shown in this image?
Megaloblastic anemia; * Red cells are **macrocytic** * **Hypersegmented neutrophils** can be seen
51
What is shown in this image?
**Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)** * Polychromasia (black arrows) * Microspherocytes (green arrows)
52
What disease is indicated by this peripheral blood smear?
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia (MAHA)

Hematology Block 1 (5 decks)

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