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Anaesthetics > Perioperative Pharmacology > Flashcards

Perioperative Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

EMLA cream

A

Lidocaine with prilocaine topical analgesic

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2
Q

Omeprazole

A

gastric acid inhibitor (PPI)

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3
Q

Cyclizine

A

Anti-emetic (piperazine antiemetic)

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4
Q

Actrapid

A

short acting insulin

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5
Q

AMETOP

A

tetracaine topical analgesic

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6
Q

Ondansetron

A

5HT3 receptor antagonist

anti-emetic

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7
Q

Bupivacaine

A

long acting analgesic

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8
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACE-i

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9
Q

Metformin

A

anti-hyperglycaemic

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10
Q

Propofol

A

General anaesthetic

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11
Q

Lidocaine

A

short acting topical analgesic

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12
Q

Ranitidine

A

gastric acid inhibitor

H2 receptor antagonist

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13
Q

Temazepam

A

anxiolytic (sedation)

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14
Q

Morphine

A

mu opioid receptor agonist

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15
Q

Midazolam

A

anxiolytic (short acting)

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16
Q

Prochlorperazine

A

anti-emetic (phenothiazine)

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17
Q

Isoflurane

A

general anaesthetic

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18
Q

Lisinopril:
can safely be given in large doses in a hypertensive crisis
T/F

A

F

may induce refractory hypotension

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19
Q

Lisinopril:
may improve outcomes after MI
T/F

A

T

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20
Q

Lisinopril:
may cause an increase in plasma potassium
T/F

A

T

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21
Q

Lisinopril:
renal function and electrolytes should be checked before and during treatment with lisinopril
T/F

A

T

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22
Q

Lisinopril:
increases the rate of breakdown of angiotensin II
T/F

A

F

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23
Q

Mechanism of action of lisinopril

A

inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by ACE

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24
Q

Uses of ACE-i

A

HTN
all grades of HF
prophylaxis after MI

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25
Q

Salbutamol:
can produce hypokalaemia
T/F

A

T

stimulation of Na/K ATPase results in potassium shift into cells which can lead to hypokalemia

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26
Q

Salbutamol:
acts on the lungs only when given by the inhalational route
T/F

A

F

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27
Q

Salbutamol:
Induces bronchodilatation
T/F

A

T

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28
Q

Salbutamol:
is a beta-1 adrenoceptor agonist
T/F

A

F

beta-2

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29
Q

Salbutamol:
may induce a tremor and anxiety at high dose
T/F

A

T

30
Q

Warfarin’s anticoagulant effect:
is altered by antibiotics
T/F

A

T

Antibiotics potentiate activity

31
Q

Warfarin’s anticoagulant effect:
is exerted directly on the blood
T/F

A

F

inhibits the synthesis of Vitamin K dependent clotting factors

32
Q

Warfarin’s anticoagulant effect:
is potentiated by barbituates
T/F

A

F

barbituates, oral contraceptives, carbamazepine inhibit activity

33
Q

Warfarin’s anticoagulant effect:
is slow in onset
T/F

A

T

34
Q

Atenolol:
acts by reversible competitive blockade of cardiac beta-1 adrenoceptors
T/F

A

T

35
Q

Atenolol:
has no effect on B2 adrenoceptors in the lung
T/F

A

F

36
Q

Atenolol:
can be used to treat hypertension and tachydysrhythmias
T/F

A

T

37
Q

Atenolol:
can mask the signs of hyperglycaemia
T/F

A

T

b2 adrenoceptors normally stimulate hepatic glycogen breakdown & pancreatic release of glucagon, so increased plasma glucose. therefor blocking b2 adrenoceptors lowers plasma glucose

38
Q

Atenolol:
has positive chronotropic and ionotropic effects on the heart
T/F

A

F

have a -ve chronotropic and -ve ionotropic efect
i.e. decrease heart rate and contractility

39
Q

Morphine:
is an antagonist at mu-opioid receptors
T/F

A

F

It’s an agonist!

40
Q

Morphine:
in susceptible patients, opioids may induce N+V
T/F

A

T

41
Q

Morphine:
Delayed (up to 12 hours) respiratory depression can occur in patients with spinal or epidural opioid administration
T/F

A

T

42
Q

Morphine:
causes histamine release
T/F

A

T

43
Q

Morphine:
has no effective metabolites
T/F

A

F

morphine-6-glucoronide

44
Q

How are the opioid actions of morphine reversed

A

Naloxone or Naltrexone

45
Q

Morphine has extensive first pass metabolism

T/F

A

T (half life 3-4h)

46
Q

Insulin:
is presented in a variety of preparations containining 1 unit/ml
T/F

A

F

100 units/ml as standard

47
Q

Insulin:
stimulates carbohydrate metabolism, protein synthesis and lipogenesis
T/F

A

F

48
Q

BZDs:
IV administration of BZDs is safe in a general ward setting
T/F

A

T

49
Q

BZDs:
The half life of flumazenil is longer than temazepam
T/F

A

F

50
Q

BZDs:
Flumazenil reverses the central effect of BZDs and IV general anaesthetics
T/F

A

F

Only reverses BZDs
NOT GAs

51
Q

Local anaesthetics:
Accidental IV administration of local anaesthetic may lead to CV collapse
T/F

A

T

52
Q

Local anaesthetics:
prevent action potential propagation in neurones
T/F

A

T

block Na channels (neurone cant depolarise)

53
Q

Local anaesthetics:
toxicity can be reversed using adrenaline
T/F

A

?

54
Q

Local anaesthetics:
allergy is extremely rare
T/F

A

T

55
Q

Local anaesthetics:
spinal anaesthesia may cause hypotension through sympathetic nervous system block
T/F

A

T

56
Q

Gastric Pharmacology:
steroid and NSAID therapy does not affect the integrity of gastric and duodenal mucosa
T/F

A

F

57
Q

Gastric Pharmacology:
Lansoprazole tablets are usually administered OD
T/F

A

T

58
Q

Gastric Pharmacology:
Fasting guidelines help reduce acid aspiration in surgical patients
T/F

A

T

59
Q

Gastric Pharmacology:
Ranitidine acts as an antagonist at H1 receptors
T/F

A

F

H2 receptors

60
Q

Gastric Pharmacology:
Omeprazole redcues gastric acid secretion by proton pump inhibition
T/F

A

T

61
Q

Antiemetics:
Post operative nausea and vomiting is rare after surgical procedures
T/F

A

F

62
Q

Antiemetics:
Metoclopramide is a useful antiemetic in children and elderly
T/F

A

F

63
Q

Antiemetics:
Often more than a single antiemetic drug is required for the Tx of PONV
T/F

A

T

64
Q

Antiemetics:
Ondansetron is a 5HT3 receptor antagonist
T/F

A

T

65
Q

Antiemetics:
Smokers have a higher risk of PONV
T/F

A

F

66
Q

General Anaesthetics:
Most GA agents induce cardio-respiratory depression
T/F

A

T

67
Q

General Anaesthetics:
all GAs provide effective analgesia
T/F

A

F

68
Q

General Anaesthetics:
The IV agent propofol can be used safely and effectively for sedation on general wards
T/F

A

F

69
Q

General Anaesthetics:
Isoflurane is a useful anaesthetic for total IV anaesthesia
T/F

A

F

70
Q

General Anaesthetics:
GA can be reversed by flumazenil
T/F

A

F

Anaesthetics (2 decks)

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