Perioperative Flashcards
What are reasons for surgery?
- Diagnosis
- Cure
- Palliation
- Prevention
- Exploration
- Cosmetic
- Improvement
What are the different types of surgery?
- Elective
- Emergency
- Ambulatory (same-day outpatient)
- Inpatient
- Data Collection
- Assessment
- Outcome Identification
- Nursing Diagnosis
- Planning
Pre-Operative
- Implementation
- Ongoing Assessment
- Coordinate
- Interventions
- Evaluation
Intraoperative
- Assessment
- During Diagnosis
- Planning
- Implementation
- Evaluation
- Discharge Planning
Post Operative
What is the goal of the Pre-operative nursing assessment?
Goal: Identify risk factors and plan care to ensure safety throughout the surgical experience.
Pre-operative nursing assessment, examples of subjective data:
- Psychosocial assessment (anxiety/common fears)
- Past health history
- Medication
- ALLERGIES
- Review of systems
- Functional Health Patterns
Pre-Operative nursing assessment Objective data
Physical assessment of body systems
Ventilatory and metabolic function; oxygenation status
ABGs; pulse oximetry
metabolic status; diabetes mellitus
Blood glucose
Renal function
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatine, chest X-ray
Annemia, immune status, infection
Complete blood count (CBC): RBC, Hb, Hct, WBCs, WBC differential
Cardiac disease, dsyrhethmia, electrolyte abnormality
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Metabolic status, renal function, diuretic side effects
Electrolytes
Pregnancy
HcG
Coagulation Status
PT, PTT, INR, platelet count
Nutritional status
serum albumin
Preoperative teaching should include the following:
- sensory information
- process information (where families can wait during surgery, information about the general flow of surgery)
- procedural information
What are the types of consent usually obtained?
- surgical consent
- anesthesia
- blood products
What are considerations for elderly patients during preoperative care?
- emotional reactions to surgery
- anesthesia risks
- surgical risks
- sensory deficits
- caregiver support
Who are members of the surgical team who have to practice surgical hand asepsis?
surgeon, scrub nurse, assistant
How many pairs of gloves do you wear during surgery?
2
What is the purpose of universal protocol?
To prevent wrong site, wrong procedure, and wrong surgery
What are the components of universal protocol?
- pre-procedure verification process
- mark the procedure site
- perform a time out
What is an indication for the use of general anesthesia?
For procedures requiring:
- Significant duration
- Skeletal muscle relaxation
- Uncomfortable operative position
- Control of respiration needed
What is the method of delivery for General Anesthesia?
- IV
- Inhalation
- Combination
Interrupts the generation of nerve impulses by altering the flow of sodium into nerve cells through cell membranes.
Local Anesthesia
*results in the loss of sensation without the loss of consciousness
What are the different routes for local anesthesia?
Topical, opthalmic, nebulized, or injectable
*May be used alone or with MAC
What is something to be concerned about when using local anesthesia?
Many are mixed with epinephrine to decrease blood flow and therefore DELAY absorption of the anesthetic. If absorbed into the tissues or injected IV, can cause tachycardia, HTN, and sense of panic.
What are the two classes of local anesthetics?
- Esthers (Procaine/Novocain)
- Amides (Lidocaine/Xylocacaine)