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BDS2 CDS > Periodontology Handbook Mixture > Flashcards

Periodontology Handbook Mixture Flashcards

1
Q

what is gingivitis?

A
  • inflammation that is confined to the gingival tissue
  • redness and swelling of marginal gingiva
  • swelling leads to formation of gingival pocket (this manifests as an increased probing depth)
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2
Q

what is a cardinal sign of inflammation in the marginal periodontium?

A

bleeding on (gentle) probing

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3
Q

what are “false” pockets?

A

pockets caused by gingival enlargement (no permanent destruction of the connective tissue attachment to the root surface)

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4
Q

what is periodontitis?

A
  • apical extension of inflammation
  • destruction of connective tissue attachment
  • apical migration of junctional epithelium
  • loss of alveolar bone
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5
Q

when is a “true” pocket formed?

A

in patient with periodontitis where actual loss of attachment occurs

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6
Q

what would the diagnosis be for:

  • inflammation in the mucosa at an implant
  • no signs of loss of supporting bone
  • bleeding on probing
A

peri-implant mucositis

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7
Q

what would the diagnosis be:

  • presence of inflammation in the mucosa at an implant
  • loss of supporting bone
  • increased probing pocket depth
  • BOP
A

peri-implantitis

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8
Q

what are the signs of peri-implantitis?

A
  • inflammation in mucosa at the implant
  • increased probing pocket depth
  • BOP
  • suppuration (sometimes)
  • loss of supporting bone (evidenced radiographically)
  • implant mobility (occasionally)
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9
Q

what are the causes of peri-implantitis?

A
  • microbial plaque (patients immune response to said plaque)
  • excess cement
  • poorly fitting superstructures
  • poorly positioned implants
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10
Q

what is a BPE?

A
  • screening tool
  • does not provide a diagnosis
  • provides guidance as to further investigations required
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11
Q

what are some limitations of a BPE?

A
  • pocket depth inaccuracies (due to gingival enlargement, incomplete eruption, recession/furcation involvement)
  • does not indicate extent of disease (e.g a code 4 in a sextant may indicate that only one site has a pocket of 6mm or that many sites
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12
Q

what probe is used for a BPE? what does it look like?

A

CPITN/WHO/BPE probe

- black band starts at 3.5mm to 5.5mm

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13
Q

a new patient enters the surgery, what topics would be covered in your initial conversation with them?

A
  • complaining of
  • HPC
  • PDH
  • PMH
  • SH
  • FH
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14
Q

when an image of the whole root length is necessary, what type of radiograph should be taken?

A
  • periapical

- panoramic view

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15
Q

when should radiographs be taken in periodontitis patients?

A

all code 3 and code 4 sextants

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16
Q

what should a radiographic report include?

A

should include description of periodontal bone loss including:

  • distribution (localised, generalised)
  • shape (horizontal or vertical)
  • severity (mild, moderate, severe)

any furcation lesions, perio-endo lesions, periapical pathology, caries and any other pathology should also be recorded

17
Q

what is meant by mild periodontal bone loss?

A

bone loss equivalent to < 30% of root length

18
Q

what is meant by moderate periodontal bone loss?

A

bone loss equivalent to 30%-50% of root length

19
Q

what is meant by severe periodontal bone loss?

A

bone loss equivalent to >50% of root length

20
Q

what is meant by the STAGE of periodontitis?

A

a measure of the disease severity (assessed by amount of bone loss at the worst affected site)

21
Q

what is meant by the GRADE of periodontitis?

A

a measure of susceptibility and speed of progression (calculated using the patients age & amount of bone loss)

22
Q

what is the disease STABILITY assessed by?

A

the presence of inflammation (BOP)

23
Q

what systemic factors may cause gingivitis?

A

endocrine system

  • pregnancy gingivitis
  • diabetes mellitus

blood dyscrasis
- leukaemia

24
Q

what medications can modify gingival disease?

A
  • phenytoin
  • calcium channel blockers
  • cyclosporins
25
Q

malnutrition of what vitamin may cause gingival disease?

A

Vitamin C deficiency (scurvy)

26
Q

what is meant by localised chronic periodontitis?

A

affects < 30% of teeth

27
Q

what is meant by generalised chronic periodontitis?

A

affects > 30% of teeth

28
Q

what are the stages of treatment of periodontitis?

A
  1. relief of acute symptoms
  2. systemic phase (consideration of general health and relationship with periodontal disease & periodontal treatment)
  3. infection control
  4. re-evaluation
  5. corrective/reconstructive treatment
  6. supportive periodontal care (maintenance)
29
Q

what may infection control of periodontitis include?

A
  • extraction of hopeless teeth
  • hygiene phase therapy
  • treatment of caries
  • endodontic therapy
  • provisional prosthesis
30
Q

what mat hygiene phase therapy include?

A
  • dental health education and motivation
  • oral hygiene instruction
  • scaling and root surface debridement
  • removal of overhanging restoration margins
31
Q

what probe is used for completion of periodontal pocket chart? what does it look like?

A

PCP12 probe

  • black bands at 3mm increments
  • 2 black bands
  • goes from 3mm to 12mm
32
Q

how is loss of attachment measured in periodontology?

A
  • the position of the gingival margin in relation to the ACJ is recorded at 6 points around each tooth (disto-buccal, mid-buccal, mesial-buccal, mesio-palatal, mid-palatal, disto-palatal)
  • the PCP12 probe must be positioned as closed as possible to the contact point while keeping the probe parallel to the long axis of tooth
  • when the gingival margin lies above the ACJ it is given a positive value, when it lies apical to the ACJ it is given a negative value
  • record the pocket depth for the same buccal & palatal aspects
  • LOA is calculated by adding together the score for the gingival margin level and the pocket depth
33
Q

how can tooth mobility be graded?

A

mobility is graded by observing the displacement of the crown of the tooth when an attempt is made to move it buccal-lingually (using an index finger on one side of crown and an instrument handle on the other)

  • grade 1 = <1mm
  • grade 2 = 1-2mm
  • grade 3 = >2mm and/or rotation or depression
34
Q

how is furcation involvement graded?

A

grade 1 = up to 3mm horizontal attachment loss
grade 2 = >3mm horizontal attachment loss but not through and through
grade 3 = a through and through lesion

BDS2 CDS (8 decks)

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