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Perio - 1 > Periodontium I > Flashcards

Periodontium I Flashcards

1
Q

Label these gingival tissues:

A

A. Alveolar mucosa

B. Free gingiva

C. Mucogingival Junction

D. Attached gingiva

E. Interdental gingiva

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2
Q

Label these sections of the gingiva:

A
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3
Q

What are the layers of keratinized epithelium?

A

From the outer surface to the inside:

CGSB –> Cats Got Sick Beats

  1. Stratum corneum
  2. Stratum granulosum
  3. Stratum spinosum
  4. Stratum basale
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4
Q

What are the layers of non-keratinized epithelium?

A

Only the:

  1. Stratum spinosum
  2. Stratum basale
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5
Q

What is cementum?

A

The mineralized layer surrounding the root.

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6
Q

Where is the periodontal ligament located?

A

These fibers are between the bone and cementum.

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7
Q

Is alveolar mucosa a part of the gingiva?

A

No.

This mucosa surrounds the lips. The mucogingival junction is the transition point.

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8
Q

What is the sulcus?

A

The crevace between the free gingiva nd the tooth, when healthy.

Note that a “periodontal/gingival pocket” is a deepened sulcus due to disease.

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9
Q

Name the three types of epithelium in the gingiva (based on location):

A
  1. Oral epithelium
  2. Sulcar epithelium
  3. Junctional epithelium

Note that these epithelium are either keratinized or non-keratinized.

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10
Q

In keratinized epithelium, where are the keratin granuoles?

A

The granuoles are located the in the Stratum Granulosum.

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11
Q

Which is the keratinized and non-keratinized slide?

A

A. Non-keratinized

B. Keratinized

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12
Q

What is characteristic of orthokeratinized epithelium?

A

Appears similar to keratinized epithelium. There is a horny layer (H) and is located in areas such as the skin.

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13
Q

What is characteristic of parakeratinized epithelium?

A

There are small nuclei.

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14
Q

How keratinized is most gingiva?

What can cause it to become keratinized?

A

Most gingiva is parakaritinized.

Stress (rubbing, abrasion, etc) can cause the epithelium to become keratinized.

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15
Q

What type of keratinization does oral gingiva have?

Sulcus gingiva?

Junctional gingiva?

A

Oral gingiva = keratinized

Sulcus gingiva = non-keratinized

Junctional gingiva = the anchor…non-keratinized

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16
Q

Does the epithelium have blood supply?

A

No. If you just scratch the surface, there is no bleeding.

17
Q

Where are the Merkel Cells located, and what is their function?

A

Merkel Cells are located in the stratum basale and are used for tactile perception.

18
Q

What is the difference between desmosomes and hemidesmosomes?

A

Desmosomes: Connect epithelial cells to each other.

Hemidesmosomes: Connect the epithelial cells to the bone and enamel.

19
Q

What layers separate the epithelial cells from the connective tissue?

A

The lamina lucida and the lamina densa.

20
Q

The connective tissue has 4 main components, what are they?

A
  1. Matrix
  2. Fibers
  3. Cells
  4. Blood Vessels and Nerves
21
Q

What is the matrix of the connective tissue comprised of?

A

The matrix is composed of proteoglycans and glycoproteins.

Proteoglycans can be hyaluronic acid, glycoproteins can be fribronectin and laminin.

22
Q

What are the fibers of conncective tissue made of, and what is their function?

A

The fibers are present for the tenacity of the tissue.

Fibers are predominantly made of Type I collagen.

There are also fibers made of reticulin, oxytalan, and eastic –> these are present around the blood vessels.

23
Q

What type of cells are present in the connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts

Neutrophils

Macrophages

Lymphocytes

24
Q

Name the labeled collagen fiber groups in the gingiva:

A

A. Dentoginigival: radiates from cementum to gingiva

B. Dentoperiosteal: from tooth to outer layer of bone

C. Alveologingival: from crest of alveolus to gingiva

D. Circumferential: wraps around the tooth

E. Semicircular: run through the facial and lingual gingiva around each tooth, attaching to the interproximal surfaces of the same tooth

F. Transgingival: Radiates obliquely and embraces tissues around teeth (strong!)

G. Intergingival: gingiva to gingiva

H. Transseptal: between to neighboring teeth

25
Q

What are the different stained areas shown in this image of gingiva?

A

To orient: The white is empty space that is the sulcus and tooth is to the left and gingiva is to the right.

Green (jagged, far right) = oral epithelium

Green (smooth, inside the sulcus) = sulcar epithelium

Peachy pink = the connective tissue under the epithelium. Has the fiber bundles.

Jagged marroon/brown (at bottom of image) = alveolar bone.

26
Q

What type of blood vessels supply the gingival tissue?

A

Arterioles.

27
Q

Why is blood supply an important consideration when considering periodontal surgery?

A

The surgery impedes blood supply to the bone.

28
Q

Why color is the mucogingival junction and why?

A

It is red and that is due to the blood supply.

29
Q

What is the histological difference between gingival and alveolar mucosa?

A

Gingival mucosa:

  1. Keratinized
  2. Mainly collagen
  3. Good blood supply

Alveolar mucosa:

  1. Non-keratinized
  2. More elastic fibers, some collagen
  3. Rich blood supply
30
Q

What are the factors that contribute to the color, size, shape, texture, and consistency of the gingiva?

A

Color:

  1. Vascular supply
  2. Thickness & keratinization
  3. Pigment-containing cells

Size:

  1. Cellular and intracellular components

Shape:

  1. Location of proximal contact

Consistency:

1.Collagenous lamina propria

Texture (stippling):

  1. Epithelial layer interlocking with connective tissue.
31
Q

When observing the gingiva in a clinical exam, what must be examined?

A

Color, consistency, contour, texture.

CCCT

32
Q

Two measurements of the gingiva are made. What are these measurements and how are they used to determine the length of attached gingiva?

A

One measurement = the free gingiva length by measuring the sulcus depth.

Second measurement = entire length from the edge of the gingiva at the tooth to the mucogingival junction.

Subract these measurements to arrive at the attached gingiva measurement.

33
Q

What are these labeled periodontal ligaments?

A
34
Q

Where is a normal, non-diseased gingival margin located?

A

At the CEJ. If apical (recessed) or descended toward the occlusal, there is disease.

35
Q

Is the attached gingiva measurement the same as all of the keratinized tissue?

A

No!

The keratinized tissue is from the gingival margin all the way to the mucogingival fold.

The attached tissue is this lenght MINUS the free gingiva length.

36
Q

At the gingiva, where does most disease occur?

A

At the interdental gingiva.

Perio - 1 (3 decks)

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