Periodontium Flashcards
Periodontium
The tissue that provides support and surrounds the teeth
Periodontium components :
Gingiva
Periodontal ligaments
Cementum
Alveolar bone
Periodontium other names :
The attachment apparatus
Or
The supporting tissue of the teeth
Oral mucosa
Is continuous with the skin of the lips and the mucosa of the soft palate and pharynx
Oral mucosa 3 zones :
- Masticatory m. : the gingiva and the covering of the hard palate.
- Lining m. : the cheeks, inner surface of the lips , the sublingual area and soft palate
- Specialised m. : upper surface/back of the tongue
Gingiva and it’s 3 parts ?
It covers the alveolar process and surrounds the cervical portion of the teeth
- Free Gingiva; coronal direction has a SCALLOPED outline It’s comprises the gingival tissue at the vestibular , lingual/palatal aspect of the teeth and interdental Papila
- attached gingiva: is demarcated by the free g. At the level of CEJ in 30-40% of adults. Coral pink, dull surface. Stippled
- Interdental papilla
Mucogingival junction
An anatomical feature found in the intraoral mucosa, it separates the attached g and the lining g.
Is there a mucogingival line in the palate ?
No they aren’t present
Epithelial layer and underlying connective tissue are called ?
Lamina propria
3 Epithelial covering the Gingiva ?
- Oral epithelium: facing the oral cavity
- Oral sulcular epithelium : facing the tooth without being in contact with the tooth
- Junctinal epithelium: provides the contact between the gingiva and the tooth
What is a Rete pegs?
Epithelial extension that projects into the underlying connective tissue.
- the connective.t and the rete pegs are lacking at the boundary between the junctinal epithelium and the underlying connective tissue
Gingival sulcus, probing depth ?
Is the shallow fissure or space around the tooth bounded by the tooth and lining epithelium
-the depth of the clinically normal gingival sulcus in the human is 0.5-2 mm
Interproximal gingival- col ?
In the premolar- molar region the contact surface valley like depression that connects a facial and lingual papilla
Gingival epithelium 4 layers ?
- Stratum basale : deepest layer, stem cells are located here
- Stratum spinozum : several layers of cells connected by desmosomes ( intercellular junction that allows cells to remain tightly bond )
- Stratum granulosum : ( granular cell layer)
thin layer , prevents fluid loss from the body - Stratum corneum: ( keratinized layer )
the most outer layer provides protection of bacteria, viruses from penetrating into the skin
Difference between keratinised and non keratinised ?
They are two forms of stratified squamous epithelial tissue
Keratinised:
it’s an epithelium that contains a tough, waterproof layer of dead cells rich in keratin protein offering strong protection.
Non-keratinised;
Lining organs,lacks this tough layer and is formed by living cells, allowing for functions like absorption and secretion
Cells in the epithelium?
The keratin producing cells which comprise 90% of total cells population
- Melanocytes: pigment synthesising cells , melanin pigmentation on Gingiva
- Langerhans cells : defence mechanism of the oral mucosa
- Markel’s cells : sensory function
- Inflammatory cells : polymorphonuclear leukocytes, destroy microorganisms
Collagen fibres and its function ?
Protein provides structural support to the extra cellular
-they reinforce the gingiva to maintain its architectural form
Gingival fibers :
- Circular F
- Dentogingival F
-Dentoperiosteal F
-Transseptal F
Gingival sulcus fluid
Not saliva
- fluid leaks into the gingival sulcus via the connective tissue and the junction al epithelium
Periodontal ligaments ?
Is the soft, richly vascular and cellular connective tissue, which surrounds the roots of the teeth and joins the root cementum with the socket wall
- the perio.lig is rich in collagen fibers known as principal fibers
The perio.lig works with the alveolar bone to resorb and distribute forces during mastication
Periodontal ligaments ?
Is the soft, richly vascular and cellular connective tissue, which surrounds the roots of the teeth and joins the root cementum with the socket wall
- the perio.lig is rich in collagen fibers known as principal fibers
The perio.lig works with the alveolar bone to resorb and distribute forces during mastication
Periodontal ligaments fibers?
- alveolar crest F
- horizontal F
-oblique F - apical F
Periodontal ligaments fibers?
- alveolar crest F
- horizontal F
-oblique F - apical F
Sharpey’s fibers
Period.lig which are embedded in the root cementum and the alveolar bone
