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Periodontology > Periodontium > Flashcards

Periodontium Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the Periodontium?

A
  1. Supports the teeth
  2. Protecting the dentition from infections
  3. Protects dentition from masticatory forces
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2
Q

What parts make up the Periodontium?

A
  1. Alveolar bone
  2. Gingival complex - gingival margin, gingival sulcus, free gingiva and attached gingiva
  3. Cementum
  4. Periodontal ligament
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3
Q

What is col in the Periodontium?

A

A structure that is in the interproximal space and connects the buccal and lingual papillae
- on the inner side of the Periodontium

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4
Q

What is the free gingival grove?

A

That margin where the free gingiva meets the attached gingiva

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5
Q

What is collagen and how is it arranged in the gingiva?

A

Is a extracellular proteins that makes fibres for support in connective tissue
Within there is type 1 collagen arranged as:
1. Dentogingival collagen
2. Alveolar -gingival collagen
3. Transparent collagen
4. Circufremtial collagen

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6
Q

What are 3 types of epithelium on the gingiva?

A
  1. Oral epithelium - up to gingival sulcus
  2. Sulcus epithelium - around the gingival sulcus
  3. Junctional epithelium -
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7
Q

How is the attached gingiva attached to the cementum?

A

Attaches via Dentogingival collagen fibres

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8
Q

What is the mucogingival junctions?

A

This is where the alveolar mucosa meets the attached gingiva
Can be noticed by a colour change from the pink attached gingiva to the red alveolar mucosa

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9
Q

Why is there a difference in colour between oral mucosa and gingival tissue?

A

The oral mucosa is non keratinised whereas the gingival tissues are orthokeratinised

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10
Q

What are the different types of stratified squamous epithelium, when talking about keratinised?

A
  1. Keratinised
  2. Orthokeratinised
  3. Parakeratinised
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11
Q

What is keratinised epithelium mean?

A

The top cells are dead and filled with keratin, they contain no nucleus or cytoplasm only keratin filled cells

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12
Q

What does Parakeratinised epithelium mean?

A

The surface cells still contain keratin, still contain a nucleus

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13
Q

What does orthokeratinised epithelium mean?

A

The keratinisation is incomplete

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14
Q

What type of keratinisation is at each gingival epithelium?

A
  1. Oral epithelium - orthokeratinised
  2. Sulcus epithelium - Parakeratinised
  3. Junctional epithelium - non-keratinised
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15
Q

What are the features of Junctional epithelium?

A
  • Attaches to enamel via hemi-Desmosomes, when attachment is lost it attaches to the cementum and then root
  • Git large gap between cells so neutrophils from the GFC can enter however so can bacteria
  • Due to high infection rate there is a high turn over rate therefor cells don’t have time to be keratinised
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16
Q

What is apical migration?

A

This is when the epithelium migrates down the tooth towards the root as attachment is lost

17
Q

What are the features of sulcus epithelium?

A
  • Has no rete ridges
  • Basal cells have a high turn over rate therefor pathogens are quickly shed however this reduces time for cells to keratinised therefore the cell in this area are Parakeratinised
  • capable for bacteria pinocytosis and starting an inflammatory response
18
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

An active process of breaking down bacteria by the cells

19
Q

What are the features of oral epithelium?

A
  • Surface cells are orthokeratinised nucleated cells
  • Basal cells form rete ridges with connective tissue
    This creates an impenetrable barrier so pathogens must enter from the gingival sulcus which is heavily protected
20
Q

What is the GCF?

A

This is the Gingival cervicular fluid

21
Q

What is the function of the GCF?

A

Contains lots of blood cells and immune components e,g. White blood cells and plasma cells
- moves into the sulcus space as Junctional epithelium has large gaps between cells

Moves from capillaries into gingival tissue into the sulcus

22
Q

How does GCF flow rate change when there is inflammation?

A

Once the sulcus is infected the GCF flow is much faster and it starts the inflammatory process
Normal flow rate is 1ml a day

23
Q

What is the cementum?

A

Layer of Periodontium, thicker at apex than coronally
Made of 2 parts
1. Acellular
2. Cellular

24
Q

What is the PDL?

A

Periodontal ligament, this is a connective tissue between the root of the tooth and the inner wall of the alveolar socket

25
Q

What are the components of the PDL?

A
  1. Periodontal ligament fibres
  2. Nuerovascular channels
  3. Ground substance
  4. Cellular elements
26
Q

How is the acellular and cellular components arranged?

A
  • Acellular comment I’m is thicker at the top
  • Cellular cementum is thicker at the bottom
27
Q

How is the PDL ligament attached to the cementum?

A
  1. Collagen fibres
  2. Sharpies fibres - fibres from the bone which anchors the cementum to alveolar bone they help maintain the tooth’s position against masticatory forces
28
Q

What is the oral microbiome?

A
  • Refers to the microorganisms found in the human oral cavity, they produce a symbiotic relationship between host and bacteria
  • not always harmful bacteria
  • mainly gram positive, aerobe species
29
Q

How is a biofilm formed?

A
  1. There is an acquired Pellicle formed by glycoproteins sticking to the surface of the tooth
  2. Adhesion - bacteria adhere to receptors on the glycoproteins and this causes more bacteria to attach
  3. The bacteria group grows larger and starts to form a microbiome
  4. Bacteria mature, outer layer can become calcified and this protects the bacteria below
30
Q

What is the job of the interdental papilla?

A

Covers the interdental bone crest

31
Q

What is the gingival cervice lined with?

A
  1. Junctional epithelium
  2. Sulcus epithelium
32
Q

What tissue is the oral epithelium made from?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium with columnar basal cells

Periodontology (2 decks)

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