Periodontitis

Question 1

What are examples of oral biofilm diseases?

Answer 1

• caries
• endodontic infections
• periodontal infection
• oral malodur (dorsal surface of tongue)
• mucosal iinfections

Question 2

What 6 groups of things can influence the oral microflora?

Answer 2

• host factors
• diet
• saliva
• gingival and crevicular fluid
• microbial interactions
• gaseous environment (O2 concentrations)

Question 3

What host factors can influence the oral microflora?

Answer 3

• systemic disease
• antibiotic use
• oral hygiene methods

Question 4

What diet factors can influence the oral microflora?

Answer 4

• chemical composition
• physical consistency
• frequency of intake

Question 5

How can saliva influnce the oral microflora?

Answer 5

• flow rate
• pH balance
• antimicrobial factors

Question 6

how do microbial interactions influence the oral microflora?

Answer 6

-competition and co-operation

dysbiotic biofilms have a detrimental affect on health

Question 7

How does gingival crevicular fluid influence oral microflora?

Answer 7

has antimicrobial components and humoral immunity -helps protect

Question 8

What host factors can influence periodontal disease?

Answer 8

• smoking
• genetics
• pregnancy/puberty
• systemic disease
• nutrition

Question 9

Describe the progression from health to gingivitis to periodontitis. (microbiology)

Answer 9

health = colonisation with normal oral flora and healthy gingiva

Gingivitis = proportion of periosontapathogenic bacteria increases. Mild inflammation at the edge of the gum

Question 10

What are the stages in biofilm development?

Answer 10

• adhesion
• colonization
• accumulation
• complex community
• dispersal/shedding

Question 11

What are some important organisms found in health?

Answer 11

• oral streptococci
• actinomyces
• fusobacterium

Question 12

What are some important organisms found in gingivitis?

Answer 12

-actinomyces

=precotella intermedia

-bacteroides

Question 13

What are some important organisms founf in periodontitis?

Answer 13

P. gingivalis

T. denticola

T. forsythia

P. intermedia

Question 14

Describe P. gingivalis

Answer 14

gram -ve non-motile rod

Strict anerobe

Question 15

What are some virulence factors of P. gingivalis?

Answer 15

• host cell tissue adherence and invasion (fimbriae)
• elaboration of proteases (cocktail of degradative enzymes)
• endotoxin (LPS)
• cpsula polysaccharide and outer membrane vesicles
• tissue toxic metabolic by-products

Question 16

P.gingivalis adheres via fimbriae. How do fimbria help attachment and what are the types you get?

Answer 16

Help invade membrane vesicle of host cells by binding to cellular integrins

Get short and long fimbrae

Question 17

How does P.gingivalis manipulate host defences?

Answer 17

• biofilm lifestyle
• induction of tissue destrucion (MMP’s)
• subversion - intracellular and tricking host immunity

Question 18

What are some virulence factors of A.a. (A actinomyecetemcomitans)

Answer 18

• leukotoxin
• cytotoxin
• LPS
• Fc binding proteins
• fimbriaw
• glycoprotein matrix
• phase variation
• subvert host cell immunity