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Perio > Periodontics Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Periodontics Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What tissues are part of the Periodontium?

A

Gingiva, Gingival attachment, PDL and alveolar bone

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2
Q

What are the 4 layers of the Stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Stratum Basale, Stratum spinosum, Stratum granulosum and Stratum Coreum

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3
Q

What makes up the Stratum basale?

A

basal cells, cuboidal cells, mitochondria and organelles

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4
Q

Where does mitosis take place in the stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Stratum Basale

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5
Q

What changes take place from the S. Basale to S. spinosum?

A

Keratins increase in MW and you see the formation of Odland bodies (lysosomes) and fewer organelles

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6
Q

What do Odland bodies do?

A

They breakdown organelles and contain acid phosphatase

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7
Q

What changes take place from the S. spinosum to the S. granulosum?

A

The cells flatten out and they become filled with keratohyline granules (high MW keratin).

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8
Q

Is Stratum Granulosum present in non-keratinzed tissue?

A

No

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9
Q

What characteristics describe the Stratum corneum?

A

Flattened cells filled with tonofilaments and fillagrin.

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10
Q

Stratum corneum can be stratified into what two keratinized epithelial types?

A

Parakeratinized with pyknotic nuclei and Orthokeratinized with no nuclei.

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11
Q

What layer is also known as the prickle layer?

A

Stratum Spinosum

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12
Q

What layer is also known as the keratinized layer?

A

Stratum corneum

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13
Q

How do epithelial cells stick together?

A

Desmosomes - Attachment plaques insert tonofibrils which radiate into the adjacent cell and fan out (tonofilaments)

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14
Q

Name 3 nonkeratinocyte cells found in the gingival epithelium.

A

Langerhans Cells - dendritic cells in spinosum (phagocyte)
Melanocytes - in basale and spinosum (synthesize melanin)
Merkel Cells - contain nerve endings.

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15
Q

What causes gingival stippling?

A

Invaginations of the oral epithelium into the underlying connective tissue.

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16
Q

What is the normal width of the radiographic PDL space?

A

0.1-0.25mm, widest at the apex and crest

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17
Q

Name the three zones of the epithelium in the periodontium.

A

Oral, crevicular/sulcular, junctional

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18
Q

Describe oral epithelium.

A

Mostly parakeratinized, has prominent rete pegs, slow turnover (6-12 days)

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19
Q

Describe Sulcular epithelium

A

Thinner than oral epi with no S. granulosum or corneum. It extends from the gingival crest to the junctional epi.

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20
Q

Describe Junctional epithelium.

A

Thinner than sulcular epi. Only contains S. basale and spinosum. Fast turnover (1-6 days).

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21
Q

What does the Junctional Epi attach to?

A

Tooth via hemidesmosomes (lamina densa to the lamina lucida)

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22
Q

Where does the Junctional epithelium attach to?

A

Apical region of the enamel and most coronal region of the cementum.

23
Q

How are epithelial cells attached to underlying connective tissue?

A

Via the basement membrane (basal lamina)and anchoring fibrils.

24
Q

What two layers makeup the basal lamina?

A

Lamina lucida (laminin) and Lamina Densa (type IV collagen)

25
Q

Describe the blood supply of the periodontium.

A

Blood is supplied via the superior and inferior alveolar arteries into the PDL.

26
Q

Gingiva is a_________for the blood supply and extensive __________ ___________ allow for rapid healing.

A

A) End organ

B) vascular anatamoses

27
Q

What is woven bone?

A

Immature bone with calcified collagen fibers in it.

28
Q

What is Lamellar bone?

A

“layers of bone” Forms the compact bone on the buccal and lingual surfaces of the alveolar process. Cortical plates?

29
Q

What is trabecular bone?

A

The bone between the cortical plates of the alveolar process.

30
Q

What is the lamina dura?

A

Radiographic term for radiodense line along the socket wall and over crest of alveolar plate.

31
Q

What are the 4 layers of the developing dental organ?

A

Inner enamel epithelium
Stratum intermedium
Stellate reticulum
Outer enamel epithelium

32
Q

Where do ameloblasts and enamel come from

A

Cells from the inner enamel epithelium.

33
Q

Where does dentin come from?

A

Cells of the dental papilla differentiate into odontoblasts

34
Q

Where does the pulp come from?

A

Cells of the dental papilla

35
Q

Where does cementum come from?

A

Cells of the dental follicle differentiate into cementoblasts

36
Q

Where do PDL fibroblasts come from?

A

Cells of the dental follicle

37
Q

Where do osteoblasts that will form alveolar bone come from?

A

Cells of the dental follicle

38
Q

Describe root structure development

A

I don’t even know where to begin.

39
Q

What forms Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS)?

A

The inner and outer enamel epithelium.

40
Q

Dental papilla cells in contact with HERS differentiate into what?

A

Odontoblasts

41
Q

Dental follicle in contact with HERS differentiate into what?

A

cementoblasts

42
Q

Remnants of HERS are called?

A

epithelial rests of Mallassez

43
Q

What attaches cementum to the PDL?

A

Sharpey’s fibers

44
Q

What kind of bone does the PDL attach to?

A

Bundle bone, “belongs to the tooth”

45
Q

How does active eruption occur?

A

PDL fibers are attached coronal to the insertion points apically on the root. When the fibroblasts contract they pull the tooth.

46
Q

Name the different types of cementum.

A
  • Primary acellular cementum
  • Secondary cementum
  • – Cellular cementum
  • – Acelluar cementum
  • Afibrillar cementum
47
Q

What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic cementum fibers?

A

ICF - are made by cementoblasts

ECF - are made by PDL fiberoblasts

48
Q

How does the enamel meet the cementum at the CEJ?

A

a. About 60-65% of cases have a thin layer of afibrillar cementum lying over the enamel
b. About 30% of teeth have a butt joint where enamel meets cementum
c. About 5% of cases have a “gap” between enamel and cementum (so there is dentin right at the “CEJ”)

49
Q

Name the 6 PDL fiber groups in a fully erupted tooth.

A

a. Alveolar crest fibers
b. Horizontal fibers
c. Oblique fibers
d. Apical fibers
e. Radicular fibers (furcation)
f. Transseptal fibers (attach to neighboring teeth)

50
Q

What are gingival fiber groups?

A 
Circumferential - around the tooth
Transseptal - from one tooth to another
Dento-gingival
Dento-alveolar
alveolar crest to gingiva
51
Q

Within the PDL, what types of collagen are present?

A

Mainly Type I (about 80%); also has Type III (about 20%)

52
Q

What other types of fibers are present in the PDL beside collagen?

A

Oxytalin - immature elastin

Elaunin - regulates blood flow

53
Q

What is between the fiber bundle in the PDL?

A

a. Ground substance (consisting of laminin, fibronectin (adhesion proteins) and glycosaminoglycans)
b. Water

Perio (1 decks)

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