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Periodontics Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What tissues are part of the Periodontium?

A

Gingiva, Gingival attachment, PDL and alveolar bone

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2
Q

What are the 4 layers of the Stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Stratum Basale, Stratum spinosum, Stratum granulosum and Stratum Coreum

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3
Q

What makes up the Stratum basale?

A

basal cells, cuboidal cells, mitochondria and organelles

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4
Q

Where does mitosis take place in the stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Stratum Basale

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5
Q

What changes take place from the S. Basale to S. spinosum?

A

Keratins increase in MW and you see the formation of Odland bodies (lysosomes) and fewer organelles

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6
Q

What do Odland bodies do?

A

They breakdown organelles and contain acid phosphatase

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7
Q

What changes take place from the S. spinosum to the S. granulosum?

A

The cells flatten out and they become filled with keratohyline granules (high MW keratin).

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8
Q

Is Stratum Granulosum present in non-keratinzed tissue?

A

No

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9
Q

What characteristics describe the Stratum corneum?

A

Flattened cells filled with tonofilaments and fillagrin.

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10
Q

Stratum corneum can be stratified into what two keratinized epithelial types?

A

Parakeratinized with pyknotic nuclei and Orthokeratinized with no nuclei.

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11
Q

What layer is also known as the prickle layer?

A

Stratum Spinosum

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12
Q

What layer is also known as the keratinized layer?

A

Stratum corneum

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13
Q

How do epithelial cells stick together?

A

Desmosomes - Attachment plaques insert tonofibrils which radiate into the adjacent cell and fan out (tonofilaments)

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14
Q

Name 3 nonkeratinocyte cells found in the gingival epithelium.

A

Langerhans Cells - dendritic cells in spinosum (phagocyte)
Melanocytes - in basale and spinosum (synthesize melanin)
Merkel Cells - contain nerve endings.

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15
Q

What causes gingival stippling?

A

Invaginations of the oral epithelium into the underlying connective tissue.

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16
Q

What is the normal width of the radiographic PDL space?

A

0.1-0.25mm, widest at the apex and crest

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17
Q

Name the three zones of the epithelium in the periodontium.

A

Oral, crevicular/sulcular, junctional

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18
Q

Describe oral epithelium.

A

Mostly parakeratinized, has prominent rete pegs, slow turnover (6-12 days)

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19
Q

Describe Sulcular epithelium

A

Thinner than oral epi with no S. granulosum or corneum. It extends from the gingival crest to the junctional epi.

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20
Q

Describe Junctional epithelium.

A

Thinner than sulcular epi. Only contains S. basale and spinosum. Fast turnover (1-6 days).

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21
Q

What does the Junctional Epi attach to?

A

Tooth via hemidesmosomes (lamina densa to the lamina lucida)

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22
Q

Where does the Junctional epithelium attach to?

A

Apical region of the enamel and most coronal region of the cementum.

23
Q

How are epithelial cells attached to underlying connective tissue?

A

Via the basement membrane (basal lamina)and anchoring fibrils.

24
Q

What two layers makeup the basal lamina?

A

Lamina lucida (laminin) and Lamina Densa (type IV collagen)

25
Describe the blood supply of the periodontium.
Blood is supplied via the superior and inferior alveolar arteries into the PDL.
26
Gingiva is a_________for the blood supply and extensive __________ ___________ allow for rapid healing.
A) End organ | B) vascular anatamoses
27
What is woven bone?
Immature bone with calcified collagen fibers in it.
28
What is Lamellar bone?
"layers of bone" Forms the compact bone on the buccal and lingual surfaces of the alveolar process. Cortical plates?
29
What is trabecular bone?
The bone between the cortical plates of the alveolar process.
30
What is the lamina dura?
Radiographic term for radiodense line along the socket wall and over crest of alveolar plate.
31
What are the 4 layers of the developing dental organ?
Inner enamel epithelium Stratum intermedium Stellate reticulum Outer enamel epithelium
32
Where do ameloblasts and enamel come from
Cells from the inner enamel epithelium.
33
Where does dentin come from?
Cells of the dental papilla differentiate into odontoblasts
34
Where does the pulp come from?
Cells of the dental papilla
35
Where does cementum come from?
Cells of the dental follicle differentiate into cementoblasts
36
Where do PDL fibroblasts come from?
Cells of the dental follicle
37
Where do osteoblasts that will form alveolar bone come from?
Cells of the dental follicle
38
Describe root structure development
I don't even know where to begin.
39
What forms Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS)?
The inner and outer enamel epithelium.
40
Dental papilla cells in contact with HERS differentiate into what?
Odontoblasts
41
Dental follicle in contact with HERS differentiate into what?
cementoblasts
42
Remnants of HERS are called?
epithelial rests of Mallassez
43
What attaches cementum to the PDL?
Sharpey's fibers
44
What kind of bone does the PDL attach to?
Bundle bone, "belongs to the tooth"
45
How does active eruption occur?
PDL fibers are attached coronal to the insertion points apically on the root. When the fibroblasts contract they pull the tooth.
46
Name the different types of cementum.
- Primary acellular cementum - Secondary cementum - -- Cellular cementum - -- Acelluar cementum - Afibrillar cementum
47
What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic cementum fibers?
ICF - are made by cementoblasts | ECF - are made by PDL fiberoblasts
48
How does the enamel meet the cementum at the CEJ?
a. About 60-65% of cases have a thin layer of afibrillar cementum lying over the enamel b. About 30% of teeth have a butt joint where enamel meets cementum c. About 5% of cases have a “gap” between enamel and cementum (so there is dentin right at the “CEJ”)
49
Name the 6 PDL fiber groups in a fully erupted tooth.
a. Alveolar crest fibers b. Horizontal fibers c. Oblique fibers d. Apical fibers e. Radicular fibers (furcation) f. Transseptal fibers (attach to neighboring teeth)
50
What are gingival fiber groups?
``` Circumferential - around the tooth Transseptal - from one tooth to another Dento-gingival Dento-alveolar alveolar crest to gingiva ```
51
Within the PDL, what types of collagen are present?
Mainly Type I (about 80%); also has Type III (about 20%)
52
What other types of fibers are present in the PDL beside collagen?
Oxytalin - immature elastin | Elaunin - regulates blood flow
53
What is between the fiber bundle in the PDL?
a. Ground substance (consisting of laminin, fibronectin (adhesion proteins) and glycosaminoglycans) b. Water

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