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Periodontics Toothbud notes > Periodontics > Flashcards

Periodontics Flashcards

1
Q

List four types of periodontal tissue

A
  • Gingiva
  • Root cementum
  • Periodontal ligament
  • Alveolar bone
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2
Q

List the classifications of periodontal diseases

A
  1. Gingival Disease
  2. Chronic periodontitis
  3. Aggressive periodontitis
  4. Periodontitis as a manifestation of Systemic Diseases
  5. Necrotizing Periodontal Disease
  6. Abscesses of the Periodontium
  7. Periodontitis associated with endodontic lesions
  8. Developmental or Acquired Deformities and Conditions
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3
Q

Risk factors for Periodontal Disease:

A
  • Smoking
  • Aging
  • Plaque accumulation
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4
Q

List correlated systemic diseases to periodontal diseases:

A
  • Coronary heart diseases
  • Stroke
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Preterm birth (low birth weight)
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5
Q

Specific periodontal pathogens:

A
  • Red complex: porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, tannerella forsynthensis/forsythia
  • Prevotella intermedia
  • Fusobacterium nucleatum
  • Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
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6
Q

List periodontium duties:

A
  • Connect tooth to jaw bone
  • Fixation of tooth within jaw bone
  • Stabilization of dental arch
  • Force absorption occlusal force
  • Overload warning (sensory neurons in periodontium)
  • Blood supply
  • Sealing inner environment from oral cavity
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7
Q

T/F - Gingiva is only visible tissue in bad periodontium

A

False, it is visible only in healthy periodontium

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8
Q

List zones of periodontium

A
  • gingival margin
  • Free gingiva
  • Free gingival groove
  • Attached gingiva
  • Mucogingival junction
  • Alveolar mucosa
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9
Q

Col of free gingiva is?

A

Non-keratinized epithelium

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10
Q

Describe the free gingiva

A
  • Coronal connective tissue
  • buccal/labial and lingual/palatal sides
  • Interdental papillae between teeth
  • Col is non-keratinized epithelium
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11
Q

Describe free gingival groove

A

Delineates border between attached gingiva and free gingiva in 40% of people

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12
Q

Describe attached gingiva

A
  • Firmly attached to underlying alveolar bone and cementum
  • Immobile
  • Stippling
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13
Q

Describe mucogingival junction

A

Delineates border between attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa: absent on palatal side

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14
Q

Describe alveolar mucosa

A
  • Loosely bound to underlying bone
  • Mobile
  • No stippling
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15
Q

List the types of gingival epithelium

A
  • Oral (outer) epithelium
  • Sulcular epithelium
  • Junctional epithelium
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16
Q

Oral (outer) epithelium is

A

Orthokeratinized

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17
Q

Sulcular epithelium is

A

Non-keratinized

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18
Q

Junctional epithelium is

A

Non-keratinized

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19
Q

Function of gingival epithelium

A

It’s keratinized:

  • Protects deeper structures
  • Allows selective interchange with oral cavity
  • Ortho-, para- and non-keratinized
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20
Q

Cells in gingival epithelium include:

A
  • Keratinocytes
  • Langerhans cells
  • Melanocytes
  • Merkel cells
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21
Q

Function of keratinocytes

A

90% of cells in gingival epithelium; synthesizes keratin

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22
Q

Function of Langerhans cells

A
  • Defence of oral mucosa - macrophage-like cells; react with antigen penetrating epithelium; initiate early immunological response
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23
Q

Melanocytes function

A

Synthesizes pigment

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24
Q

Merkel cells are

A

Light touch sensory cells

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25
Q

Describe junctional epithelium

A
  • Firmly attached to tooth surface (barrier)
  • Non-keratinized
  • Allow gingival cervical fluid, inflammatory cells, and immune cells access to gingival margin
  • Rapid turn-over of cells: rapid repair; host-parasite equilibrium/defence
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26
Q

Describe cementum of the root

A

Mineralized, but heterogenous connective tissue covering surface of roots

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27
Q

Root cementum is thicker apically

A

True

28
Q

Root cementum is deposited over a lifetime

A

True

29
Q

Root cementum does not protect root surface from resorption.

A

False, it does protect the root surface

30
Q

Components of root cementum

A
  • Organic: collagen type 1

- Inorganic: hydroxyapatite (65%)

31
Q

Cells of the root cementum include

A
  • Cementoblasts: form cementum on surface
  • Cementocytes: inside cementum
  • Fibroblasts (specialized): form cementum too
32
Q

List the four types of cementum:

A
  • Acellular afibrillar cementum (AAC)
  • Acellular extrinsic fibre cementum (AEFC)
  • Cellular intrinsic fibre cementum (CIFC)
  • Cellular mixed fibre cementum (CMC)
33
Q

Acellular afibrillar cementum (AAC) is located at?

A

Only located at CEJ

34
Q

Acellular afibrillar cementum (AAC) has no cells and no collagen

A

True

35
Q

Ameloblasts die and leave behind matrix of the acellular afibrillar cementum (AAC)

A

True

36
Q

Acellular extrinsic fibre cementum is located at?

A

Coronal 2/3 of root, as it anchors cementum

37
Q

Acellular extrinsic fibre cementum contains?

A

Sharpey’s fibres

38
Q

Acellular extrinsic fibre cementum is only formed by?

A

Specialized fibroblasts of dental follicle

39
Q

Acellular extrinsic fibre cementum is only formed during?

A

Tooth development

40
Q

Cellular intrinsic fibre cementum (CIFC) is found where?

A

Found in apical 1/3 of root

41
Q

Cellular intrinsic fibre cementum contains?

A

Contains cells and intrinsic fibres only

42
Q

Cellular intrinsic fibre cementum is formed in?

A

Formed in late cementum development

43
Q

Cellular mixed fibre cementum (CMC) is found where?

A

Found in apical areas and bifurcations

44
Q

Cellular mixed fibre cementum contains?

A

Contains cells, intrinsic and extrinsic fibre

45
Q

Describe AEFC (root cementum) formation in tooth development

A
  1. Mantle predentine forms
  2. Mineralization of predentine forms dentine
  3. Secretion and deposition of enamel matrix proteins occurs from the hertwigs epithelial root sheath (HERS)
  4. HERS separates which induces differentiation and formation of cementum forming cells (i.e. fibroblasts)
  5. Acellular extrinsic fibre cementum (AEFC) forms from specialized fibroblasts.
46
Q

List cells in periodontal ligament

A
  • Fibroblasts
  • Osteoblasts and osteoclasts
  • Cementoblasts
  • Osteo-/Cemento-progenitor cells
  • Epithelial cells
  • Endothelial cells
  • Blood cells
  • Nerves/nerve cells
  • Lymphatic system
47
Q

How are alveolar crest fibres orientated?

A

Cementum to just below CEJ to rim of alveolus

48
Q

How are horizontal fibres orientated?

A

Cementum to bone just below alveolar crest

49
Q

How are apical fibres orientated?

A

Apex of root to bone of socket

50
Q

How are interradicular fibres orientated?

A

Bifurcation of root to interradicular septum

51
Q

How are oblique fibres orientated?

A

Only fibres that resists occlusal forces; all other fibres resist tensile force.

52
Q

Which periodontal ligament fibres is the most abundant?

A

Oblique

53
Q

Describe cortical bone

A

Hard dense external bony layer

54
Q

Descibe cancellous bone

A

Bone trabeculae and bone marrow

55
Q

Describe bone marrow contents

A

Cells, blood vessels and nerves

56
Q

Describe alveolar bone/bundle bone and cribriform plate

A

Bone that makes tooth socket and connects with root cementum

57
Q

Describe marginal alveolar bone

A
  • Scalloped shape

- Distance from CEJ in healthy periodontium: buccal = 1 to 2.4 mm, lingual = 1.5 mm

58
Q

Alveolar bone/bundle bone in radiographs is called?

A

Lamina dura

59
Q

how thick is alveolar bone

A

0.1-0.4 mm thick

60
Q

Function of alveolar bone/bundle bone

A

Anchors sharpey’s fibres,

61
Q

Alveolar bone/bundle bone lines?

A

Lines inner surface of tooth socket

62
Q

Alveolar bone is perforated by?

A

Numerous Volkmann’s canals

63
Q

Functionally and structurally, alveolar bone is similar to?

A

Root cementum

64
Q

Size and shape of alveolar bone adapts to?

A

Root

65
Q

Buccal marginal alveolar bone is how wide?

A

1 to 2.4 mm

66
Q

Lingual marginal alveolar bone is how wide?

A

1.5 mm

Periodontics Toothbud notes (2 decks)

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