Periodontal Treatment 3

Question 1

Define periodontal disease

Answer 1

A group of diseases affecting the periodontal tissues, representing an immune reaction (innate + adaptive) to adjacent microbial plaque

Question 2

Local risk factors for periodontal disease (10)

Answer 2

ACQUIRED:
1. Plaque

2. Calculus
3. Overhangs
4. Poorly contoured restorations + prosthetic crowns
5. Orthodontic appliances
6. Occlusal trauma

ANATOMICAL:
1. Malpositioned teeth

2. Root groves
3. Concavities + furcations
4. Enamel pearls

Question 3

Systemic risk factors for periodontal disease (10)

Answer 3

NON-MODIFIABLE
1. Ageing

2. Genetic disorders: Down syndromes, papillon lefevre syndrome
3. Gender (males)

MODIFIABLE
1. Smoking

2. Poorly controlled diabetes
3. HIV/leukaemia
4. Osteopenia/Osteoporosis
5. Stress + hormonal changes
6. Meds
7. Poor nutrition

Question 4

Effect of smoking (2)

Answer 4

1. Decreased healing capacity

2. reduced blood flow as a result

Question 5

What can hyperglycaemia in diabetes modulate?

Answer 5

May modulate RANKL + OPG and so contribute to alveolar bone destruction

Question 6

Name 3 drugs that can contribute to gingival enlargement

Answer 6

1. ANTICONVULSANT
   - Phenytoin
2. IMMUNOSUPPRESANTS
   - Cyclosporin
3. CA CHANNEL BLOCKERS
   - Nifedipine
   - Amlodipine

Question 7

What type of cells does gingival enlargement cause an increase in?

Answer 7

More fibroblasts

Question 8

What does gingival swelling increase? (2)

Answer 8

• More intracellular fluid

- Increased permeabilisation of the vessels

Question 9

Define atherosclerosis

Answer 9

Inflammation of the vessel wall

Question 10

What is peridontitis a risk for (pregnancy related) and non? (4)

Answer 10

1. Pre-eclampsia
2. Rheumatoid arthritis
3. Alzheimers
4. Respiratory system

Question 11

What does increase of BP depend on the activation of?

Answer 11

Activation of lymphocytes T