Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Perio MT2 > Periodontal Indicies > Flashcards

Periodontal Indicies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 parameters used to asses inflammation?

A
  1. Color
  2. Texture/edema
  3. Bleeding
  4. Exudate
  5. Plaques
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How should you identify what type of disease you are looking at?

A
  1. Assessment of inflammation PLUS
  2. Loss of periodontal support including:
    a. Probing depths
    b. Clinical attachment levels
    c. Radiographic evaluation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 possible appointments you should make with your patient, following initial treatment, to assess treatment needs?

A

Initial treatment PLUS

  1. recall OR
  2. Periodontal maintenance OR
  3. Referral to periodontist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the purpose of using periodontal indicies?

A
  1. Degree of inflammation of the gingival tissues
  2. Degree of periodontal destruction
  3. Amount of plaque accumulation
  4. Amount of calculus accumulation
  5. Treatment needs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 8 indicies created to assess dental plaque?

A

“PIMP SPOT”

  1. Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S)
  2. Plaque Index (PII)
  3. Turesky Modification of Quiqley-Hein Plaque Index
  4. Modified Navy Plaque Index
  5. Irritants Index
  6. Patient Hygeine Performance Index
  7. Plaque Control Record
  8. O’Leary Plaque Index
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the purpose of the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index?

A

To assess oral cleanliness by estimating the tooth surfaces covered with debris and/or calculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 2 components of the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index?

A
  1. Simplified Debris Index

2. Simplified Calculus Index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which teeth are selected for the oral hygiene index and why?

A

Facials of #3, 8, 14, 24
Linguals of #19, 30
Because these are difficult areas for the patient to clean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the scoring technique for the OHI-S

A

Each tooth is scored from 0-6 for both Debris and Calculus and then added together to get the Total Debris score (DI-Score) and the Total Calculus Score (CI-Score)
The total Debris score is then divided by 6, and the total Calculus score is divided by 6
These 2 figures are then added together to determine the OHI Score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the assignment of values from 0-6 for the OHI-S

A 
0-6 correlates to excellent, good, fair, and poor.
0 = Excellent
0.1- 1.2 = good
1.3- 3.0 = fair
3.1-6.0 = poor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the Plaque Index (PII) assess?

A

The amount of plaque at the gingival margin AND gingival soft tissues, too.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the scoring method used for the Plaque Index (PII)

A
  • Plaque scores range from 0-3
  • A probe is used to distinguish between scores 0 and 1
  • Visible plaque is scored a 2 or 3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is the Plaque Index computed?

A

PII is computed for:

  1. a tooth (4 surfaces)
  2. a subject
  3. a population
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What other study does the PII parallel and when was the PII first published? (sorry, had to do every line!)

A
  • PII parallels the Gingival Index (GI) of Loe & Silness

- First published by Silness & Loe (1964)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What 2 parameters are used in the Turesky Modification of Quigley-Hein Index?

A
  1. Thickness of plaque

2. How much of the crown is covered in plaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the levels of scoring for theTuresky Modification of Quigley-Hein Index

A
  • Score 0: No plaque
  • Score 1: Spots of plaque at cervical margin
  • Score 2: Thin, continuous band of plaque, < or equal to 1mm wide, at cervical margin
  • Score 3: A plaque band > 1mm but < 1/3 of crown height
  • Score 4: Plaque covering > or equal to 1/3 but < 2/3 of crown height
  • Score 5: Plaque covering > or equal to 2/3 of crown height
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What bias is seen in the TM of Quigley-Hein Plaque Index

A

Biased toward the gingival third of the tooth surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which tooth surfaces are examined with the TM of Quigley-Hein Index?

A

Facial and lingual surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Are scores in the TM of Quigley-Hein Index computed for subject, population, or both?

A

Both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most frequently used plaque index in clinical trials?

A

Turesky-Modification of Quigley-Hein Index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is the O’Leary Plaque Index scored?

A

Based on the percentage of tooth surfaces for positive plaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 6 Calculus Indicies?

A
  1. Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S)
  2. Periodontal Disease Index (PDI)
  3. Probe Method (Volpe-Manhold)
  4. Calculus Surface (Severity) Index (CSI)
  5. Marginal Line Calculus Index (MLCI)
  6. NIDR Calculus Index
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When is the NIDR Calculus Index used?

A

For large scale, epidemiological studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe the scoring method for the NIDR Calculus Index

A 
0 = Calculus is absent
1 = Supragingival calculus, but no subgingival calculus is present
2 = Supragingival and Subgingival, or subgingival calculus only is present
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the Volpe-Manhold Index determining?

A

The quantity of supragingival calculus (aka the efficacy of tooth brushing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which teeth and which surfaces are evaluated in the Volpe-Manhold Index?

A

Lingual surface of lower anteriors (#22-27)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How is the quantity of supragingival plaque determined in the Volpe-Manhold Index?

A

Quantity is determined in mm of calculus along the 2 diagonal and the central lines drawn over the lingual surfaces of each tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

In what units is the Volpe-Manhold Index expressed?

A

MM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Is the Volpe-Manhold Index computed for tooth, subject, or population?

A

All 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

In what kind of studies is the Volpe-Manhold the most frequently used index?

A

Longitudinal studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What 4 Indicies are used in Assessing the Gingival and/or Periodontal inflammation (soft tissue evaluation)

A
  1. Papillary-Marginal Attachment (PMA) Index
  2. Gingival Index (GI)
  3. Modified Gingival Index
  4. Bleeding-on-probing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

In the PMA Index, the number of affected areas correlates with what?

A

Number of affected areas correlates with the severity of gingival inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Describe the gingival “scoring units” of the PMA index

A

The facial gingival surface is divided into 3 scoring units, P (papillary), M (marginal), A (attachment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How is gingivitis counted in the PMA index?

A 
Gingival units (P-M-A) affected with gingivitis are counted.  Presence or absence of inflammation is counted as 1 and 0, respectively.
Note that severity component can be considered
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Is score computed for tooth, subject, or population?

A

All 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Describe what is being assessed and where when using the Gingival Index (GI)

A
  • The severity of inflammation is assess in 4 distinct gingival areas:
    1. Distofacial papilla
    2. Facial margin
    3. Mesiofacial papilla
    4. Lingual gingival margin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Describe the scoring system of the gingival index

A

Score: 0-3

Bleeding is automatically given a score of 2 or 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Is the gingival index used to assess tooth, subject or population?

A

Can be all 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Gingival index is useful for the calculation of ______ and ______ in population and individual

A

Prevalence and Severity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

In what type of studies is the gingival index frequently used?

A

Clinical trails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

How does the modified gingival index differ from the ginival index?

A

Modified gingival index has a more defined and detailed scaling system

42
Q

Describe the clinical ratings and corresponding descriptions of the Modified Gingival Index

A
  • 0 = No inflammation –> Normal tissue appearance
  • 1 = Mild inflammation on portion of the unit –> Slight change in color, little changes in texture
  • 2 = Mild inflammation on entire unit –> Slight change in color, little changes in texture
  • 3 = Moderate inflammation –> Glazing, redness, edema, a/o hypertrophy
  • 4 = Severe Inflammation –> Marked redness, edema, a/o hypertrophy, bleeding, congestion, or ulceration
43
Q

Describe what is assessed during a Bleeding-On-Probing Index (BOP)

A

Bleeding tendency is assessed upon probing a periodontal pocket using standardized pressure

44
Q

Describe the probing technique used in the BOP index

A

Periodontal probe is inserted to the bottom of the periodontal pocket….bleeding is observed for 15 seconds following the retraction of the probe

45
Q

Describe the scoring method for BOP

A

Presence or absence of bleeding is scored as 0 or 1, respectively.
Note: not to be confused with the bleeding as scored in the GI Index

46
Q

BOP is a valid indicator or periodontal ______, however it is a poor indicator of periodontal ______

A

Valid indicator of periodontal STABILITY, poor indicator of periodontal BREAKDOWN

47
Q

How is periodontal destruction assessed?

A

Using periodontal probing to determine attachment loss

48
Q

What is attachment loss?

A

NOT just the probing depth of the pocket
Attachment loss = probing depth + recession
Measured in mm

49
Q

On how many surfaces is periodontal probing performed?

A

All 6 tooth surfaces

50
Q

What 2 factors vary the most during periodontal probing?

A

Force of Probing
AND
Angulation of Probe

51
Q

What do periodontal indicies measure?

A

Indicies for Tissue loss

52
Q

What are the 5 periodontal indicies?

A
  1. The extent and severity index
  2. The periodontal index system
  3. The periodontal disease index
  4. The CPITN
  5. Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR)
53
Q

How is “disease” defined in The Extent and Severity Index (ESI)?

A

Disease is defined as attachment loss > 1mm

54
Q

How is “extent” defined in the ESI?

A

Extent is the proportion of the tooth sites in a patient showing signs of destructive periodontitis

55
Q

How is “severity” defined in the ESI?

A

Severity is the amount of attachment loss at the diseased sites, expressed as a mean value

56
Q

How are teeth examined and evaluated using the Periodontal Index System (PI)?

A

All teeth are examined. The circumference of each tooth is inspected VISUALLY, and given a score.

57
Q

Describe the scoring system of the PI system

A

Score 0: Negative
Score 1, 2: Gingivitis
Score 6: Gingivitis with pocket formation
Score 8: Advanced destruction with loss of masticatory function (aka Tooth Loss)

58
Q

Is the PI system computed for tooth, subject or population?

A

Subject and population

59
Q

What are the 5 components of the Periodontal Disease Index (PDI) System?

A
  1. Gingival status
  2. Crevicular measurements
  3. Periodontal disease index
  4. Plaque criteria
  5. Calculus criteria
60
Q

Describe the scoring levels for the Periodontal Disease Index System

A

Score 1, 2, 3: Severity of gingivitis (no attachment loss)
Score 4: Initial attachment loss (> or equal to 3mm)
Score 5: Moderate attachment loss ( > 3mm and < or equal to 6mm)
Score 6: Advanced attachment loss (>6mm)

61
Q

How are teeth examined and tabulated when using the Periodontal disease Index system?

A
  • 4 areas of each tooth are examined USING A PROBE

- The most SEVERE score is tabulated and used for the calculation of the subject’s PDI

62
Q

What teeth are measured when using Periodontal Disease Index system and why?

A

Romport: #3, 9, 12, 19, 25, 28

Represents each sextant

63
Q

Why is the Periodontal Disease Index System especially good for teaching and studies?

A

Because each number has a very detailed description to do go along with it (like paragraph long description) for each of the 5 components of the system

64
Q

Which 2 periodontal indicies are used to assess periodontal TREATMENT NEEDS?

A
  1. Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN)

2. Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR)

65
Q

For which individuals is the CPITN designed to assess?

A

Primarily designed to assess periodontal treatment needs in under-served parts of the world

66
Q

When reporting scores EPIDEMIOLOGICALLY for CPITN, how are teeth scores reported?

A
  • 10 INDEX teeth per individual are examined

- The worst finding is recorded per sextant

67
Q

When reporting scores FOR INDIVIDUAL SUBJECTS for CPITN, how are teeth scores reported?

A
  • Worst finding of ALL teeth in a sextant is recorded, resulting in 6 scores per subject.
  • The worse score determined the treatment needs
68
Q

Can any probe be used to do a CPITN assessment?

A

No. Must use special probe.

69
Q

What 2 parameters are determined using the CPITN system?

A
  1. Periodontal status

2. Treatment needs

70
Q

Describe the “scoring” of periodontal status using the CPITN system

A
  • Score 1: Bleeding on gental probing
  • Score 2: Calculus felt during probing, crevicular depth < or equal to 3mm
  • Score 3: Probing depth 4mm or 5mm
  • Score 4: Probing depth > or equal to 6mm
71
Q

Describe the “coding” of treatment needs when using the CPITN system

A
  • Code 0: No treatment
  • Code I: Improved oral hygiene
  • Code II: Improved oral hygiene, plus professional scaling
  • Code III: Improved oral hygiene, professional scaling, plus complex treatment
72
Q

What is the purpose of the Periodontal Screening & Recording (PSR) system?

A

A rapid and effective way to screen patients for periodontal diseases and summarize necessary information with minimum documentation

73
Q

Who endorses the PSR system and for what?

A

The ADA and the APP support the use of PSR by dentists as part of oral examinations

74
Q

Describe the probe used for examination using PSR system

A

Specific type of probe with a band starting at 3 mm and that is a 3 mm thick band
Also, there is a ball at the tip of the probe for that the examiner does not push too hard

75
Q

What 3 parameters are measured during a PSR exam?

A
  1. Pocket depth probing (0-4) PLUS
  2. Calculus/defective margins (+/-)
  3. B-o-P (+/-)
76
Q

Describe the corresponding descriptions of PSR codes 0-4

A
  • 0: Colored area visible, (-) calculus/defective margin, (-)BoP
  • 1: Colored area visible, (-) calculus/defective margin, (+)BoP
  • 2: Colored area visible, (+)calculus/defective margin,(+/-)BoP
  • 3: Colored area partially visible, (+/-) calculus/defective margin, (+/-) BoP
  • 4: Colored area not visible, (+/-) calculus/defective margin, (+/-) BoP
  • *Basically once you cannot see all of the colored band, its really just about the probing depth and no longer determined by calculus, margin or BoP
77
Q

Describe if/when teeth are scored when using PSR

A
  • 1st score one tooth in each sextant.
  • 0-2=okay
  • 3 or more in ONE sextant, then must do full probing for entire SEXTANT
  • 3 or higher in 2 OR MORE sextants, then must do FULL-MOUTH probing
78
Q

Remember that periodontal disease is _____ specific

A

Site specific

79
Q

What are the 6 major benefits of PSR?

A
  1. Early detection
  2. Speed
  3. Simplicity
  4. Cost-effective
  5. Recording ease
  6. Risk management
80
Q

How does PSR achieve the benefit of Early Detection?

A
  • PSR includes evaluation of all sites
  • Highly sensitive technique for detecting deviations for periodontal health
  • Uniquely appropriate screening tool for perio diseases which are, by nature, site specific and episodic
81
Q

How does PSR achieve the benefit of Speed?

A

Only takes a few mins for a trained person, and can incorporated into a routine oral exam

82
Q

How does PSR achieve the benefit of Simplicity?

A
  • Easy to administer and comprehend

- Simple scoring system aids in monitoring a patient’s periodontal health

83
Q

How does PSR achieve the benefit of Cost-Effectiveness?

A

Does not require special equipment besides the unique PSR perio porbe

84
Q

How does PSR achieve the benefit of Recording Ease ***?

A
  • Documentation for PSR requires the recording of 6 numerical scores, one for each sextant
  • PSR does not require extensive charting or lengthy narrative explaination
85
Q

How does PSR achieve the benefit of Risk Management ***?

A
  • Can give patient feed back right away

- Proper, consistent and documented use of PSR shows that you are evaluating patient’s perio status

86
Q

What are the 3 limitations of PSR

A
  1. Only designed as a screening system to detect perio disease. Does not replace comprehensive exams if indicated.
  2. Not comprehensive enough for patients that have been treated for perio disease and are now in maintenance phase
  3. Only valid in adults (don’t use in mixed dentition)
87
Q

What are the 2 peri-implant tissue indicies?

A
  1. Modified PI

2. Modified GI

88
Q

Describe “reliability” in gingival indicies in general

A

Reliability of an index: to measure a condition in the same subject repeatedly and obtain the same score results each time

89
Q

Describe “validity” of a diagnostic test

A

Sensitivity and specificity of various diagnostic tools used to create an index

90
Q

What are 3 potential problems related to Examiner Bias

A
  1. Halo effect
  2. Leniency/Severity Error
  3. Central Tendency Error
91
Q

What is the Halo Effect?

A

Type of examiner bias where the examiner’s general impression of the target distorts his/her perception of the target on specific dimensions

92
Q

What is Leniency/Severity Error?

A

Type of examiner bias when the examiner’s tendency is to be lenient or severe

93
Q

What is the Central Tendency Error?

A

Type of examiner bias when the examiner is reluctant to rate at either end of the positive or negative extreme, so all scores cluster in the middle

94
Q

What is the difference between calibration and training?

A

Training: learning/teaching thru hand-on experience
Calibrating: goal is to determine the inter/intra-examiner variations

95
Q

What are the 3 parameters that effect calibrating?

A
  1. Several examiners at different experience levels
  2. Subjects with various disease extent and severity
  3. Follow-up appointments
96
Q

What are the 4 ways to determine the “validity” of a diagnostic test?

A
  1. Sensitivity
  2. Specificity
  3. Predictive value positive (PVP)
  4. Predictive value negative (PVN)
97
Q

What is “sensitivity”?

A

The probability that a test will be positive when the test is administered to people who actually have the disease in question
Sensitivity = Pr(T+/D+)

98
Q

What is “specificity”?

A

The probability that a test will be negative when administered to people who are free of the disease in question
Specificity = Pr (T-/D-)

99
Q

What is “predictive value positive”?

A

The probability of a disease in a subject with a POSITIVE test result
PVP= Pr(D+/T+)

100
Q

What is “predictive value negative”?

A

The probability of not having the disease when the test is NEGATIVE
PVN= Pr (D-/T-)

Perio MT2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions