Periodontal Indices

Question 1

How can you assess the presence of inflammation?

Answer 1

Color
Texture/edema
Bleeding
Exudate
Plaque

Question 2

How can you identify the presence of disease?

Answer 2

Assessment of inflammation and

Loss of periodontal tissue support

Question 3

How do you assess the loss of periodontal tissue support?

Answer 3

Probing depths
Clinical attachment levels
Radiographic evaluation

Question 4

What is the initial treatment if periodontal disease?

Answer 4

Scaling and potentially root planing

Question 5

What is the purpose of simplified oral hygiene index

Answer 5

To assess oral cleanliness by estimating the tooth surfaces covered with debris and/or calculus

Question 6

Which teeth are selected for Simplified Oral Hygiene Index?

Answer 6

Facials of 3, 8, 14, 24

Linguals of 19, 30

Question 7

What are the components of a simplified oral hygiene index?

Answer 7

Simplified debris index

Simplified calculus index

Question 8

What are the Simplified debris index scores?

Answer 8

0 = No debris present
1 = soft debris covering no more than 1/3 of tooth surface
2 = soft debris covering between 1/3 - 2/3 of the tooth surface
3 = soft debris covering more than 2/3 of the tooth surface

Question 9

What are the Simplified calculus index scores?

Answer 9

0 = no calculus present
1 = supragingival calculus covering no more than 1/3 of exposed tooth surface
2 = supragingival calculus covering 1/3 - 2/3 of the tooth surface
3 = supragingival calculus covering >2/3 of the exposed tooth surface

Question 10

How do you score Simplified oral hygiene index?

Answer 10

Add debris index and divide by 6 (num. of teeth scored)
Add calculus index and divide by 6
Add those two numbers and get their score
0 = excellent
0.1 - 1.2 = good
1.3 - 3.0 = fair
3.1 - 6.0 = poor

Question 11

Plaque Index

Answer 11

Assesses the amount of plaque at the gingival margin, examining the same anatomical units as the GI
Scores range from 0-3
Probe is used to distinguish between 0 and 1
Visible plaque is scored a 2 or 3

Question 12

What is the most used plaque index in clinical trials?

Answer 12

Turesky Modification of Quigley-Hein Plaque Index

Question 13

What is the scoring of the Turesky Modification of Quigley-Hein Plaque Index?

Answer 13

0 = no plaque
1 = Spots of plaque at cervical margin
2 = Thin, continuous band of plaque ≤ 1mm wide at cervical margin
3 = Plaque band >1 mm but 2/3 of crown height

Question 14

What plaque index is used in the OSU clinic?

Answer 14

O’Leary Plaque Index

Question 15

NIDR Calculus Index scoring

Answer 15

0 = calculus is absent
1 = supragingival calculus, but non subgingival
2 = supragingical and subgingivcal calculus, OR only subgingival calculus

Question 16

Volpe-Manhold Index

Answer 16

Determines the quantity of supragingival calculus
Lingual surfaces of lower anteriors
Determined in mm of calculus along the 2 diagonal and central lines drawn over the lingual surfaces of each tooth
Most frequently used calculus index in longitudinal studies

Question 17

What are methods to assess gingival and/or periodontal inflammation?

Answer 17

Papillary-Marginal-Attachment Index
Gingival index
Modified gingival index
BoP

Question 18

Papillary-Marginal-Attachment Index

Answer 18

Counts units affected with gingivitis

Presence or absence is counted as 1 or 0, respectively

Question 19

Gingival Index

Answer 19

Severity of inflammation is assessed in 4 distinct gingival areas: distofacial papilla, facial margin, mesiofacial papilla, lingual gingival margin
Scored from 0-3
Bleeding automatically gives score of at least 2

Question 20

What are the scores of the Modified Gingival Index?

Answer 20

0 = no inflammation; all normal
1 = Mild inflammation (portion of unit); slight change in color, little change in texture
2 = Mild inflammaiton (entire unit); slight change in color, little change in texture
3 = Moderate inflammation; glazing, redness, edema, a/o hypertrophy
4 = Severe inflammaiton; marked redness, edema, hypertrophy, bleeding, ulceration

Question 21

Bleeding on Probing

Answer 21

Presence or absence is scored as 1 or 0 respectively

Valid indicator for periodontal stability, but a poor indicator of periodontal breakdown

Question 22

How much should you tilt the perio probe to make sure you get depths for the col?

Answer 22

15-20’

Question 23

What are the components of the Periodontal Disease Index System?

Answer 23

Gingival status
Crevicular measurements
Periodontal disease index
Plaque criteria
Calculus criteria

Question 24

What is the Periodontal Index System scoring?

Answer 24

0 = negative
1, 2 = gingivitis
6 = gingivitis with pocket formaiton
8 = advanced destruction with loss of masticatory function

Question 25

What is the Periodontal Disease Index System scoring?

Answer 25

1, 2, 3 = severity of gingivitis
4 = initial attachment loss (≤3 mm)
5 = moderate attachment loss (>3mm and ≤6mm)
6 = advanced attachment loss (>6mm)

Question 26

What is the purpose of Periodontal Screening and Recording?

Answer 26

PSR is a rapid and effective way to screen patients for periodontal diseases and summarizes necessary information with minimum documentation

Question 27

How do you do PSR?

Answer 27

Score each sextant
If one sextant has a score of 3, stop and probe to get depth numbers
If 3 or more sextants have a score of 3, do full mouth probing

Question 28

What are the PSR codes?

Answer 28

0 = colored area visible, no calculus or BoP
1 = colored area visible, no calculus, BoP present
2 = colored area visible, calculus present, BoP may present
3 = colored area partially visible, calculus and BoP may or may not be present
4 = colored area not visible, calculus and BoP may or may not be present

Question 29

What are the benefits of PSR?

Answer 29

Early detection - appropriate screening tool for periodontal diseases that are site specific and episodic
Speed - once learned, only takes a few minutes
Simplicity
Cost-effective - only need a perio probe
Recording ease - only need a number for each sextant
Risk management

Question 30

What are the limitations of PSR?

Answer 30

Designed to detect periodontal diseases - can’t replace comprehensive perio exam
Patients who are in the maintenance phase of therapy require a comprehensive exam
Primarily designed for adults

Question 31

Reliability

Answer 31

Can measure a condition in the same subject repeatedly and obtain the same score results each time

Question 32

Validity

Answer 32

Sensitivity and specificity of various diagnostic tools used to create an index

Question 33

What are some potential problems (examiner bias)

Answer 33

Halo effect
Leniency/severity error
Central tendency error

Question 34

Halo effect

Answer 34

The examiner’s general impression of target distorts his.her perception of the target on specific dimensions

Question 35

Leniency/Severity Error

Answer 35

The examiner’s tendency to be lenient or sever

Question 36

Centeral Tendency Error

Answer 36

The examiner’s reluctance to rate at either the positive or negative extremes, so all scores cluster in the middle

Question 37

Sensitivity

Answer 37

The probability that a test result will be positive when the test is administered to people who actually have the disease
No false negatives

Question 38

Specificity

Answer 38

The probability that a test will be negative when administered to people who are free of the disease in quesiton

Question 39

Predictive Value Positive (PVP)

Answer 39

The probability of disease in a subject with a positive result

Question 40

Predictive Value Negative (PVN)

Answer 40

The probability of not having a disease when the test is negative