periodontal disease Flashcards
periodontal disease
an infectious process that involves inflammation
what does healthy gingiva look like
pink, rounded papillae at GM stippled tightly adapted less than 3mm no bleeding
4 cardinal signs of periodontal disease
- redness
- swelling (edema)
- pain
- heat
gingivitis
inflammation of gingival tissues found only in the epithelium and gingival connective tissue
reversible
cause of gingivitis type 1
plaque induced
cause of gingivitis type 2
puberty, pregnancy and use of birth control
periodontitis
inflammation in the oral cavity relating to bone
what does periodontitis look like
receding gingiva red perio pockets more than 3mm bone loss
5 types of periodontitis
chronic
aggressive
systemic
necrotizing
ANUG
what does ANUG stand for
Acute Necrotic Ulcerative Gingivitis
localized periodontal disease
less than 30% of the mouth affected
generalized periodontal disease
more than 30% of the mouth affected
4 classes of severity if perio disease
early
moderate
severe
advanced
3 classes of mobility
M1 very little mobility
M2 medium mobility
M3 extreme very loose
5 anatomical structures of the periodontium
- alveolar bone
- cementum
- periodontal ligament
- epithelial attachment
- gingiva
epithelial attachment
a collar of epithelial cells attached to the tooth surface
alveolar bone and cementum purpose
anchor the periodontal fibers
periodontal fibers purpose
attach teeth to the bone
dentogingival junction purpose
seals off the oral environment from the tooth socket
gingival tissue purpose
protect nerves and blood supply during mastication
main etiology of periodontal disease
bacterial plaque
periodontal disease
disorders that affect the tissue surrounding and supporting the teeth
what two things can you do to prevent periodontal disease
daily oral care
professional removal of calculus
4 effects on the body from periodontal disease
pre term or low birth weight babies
respiratory disease
heart disease
stroke
halitosis
very bad breath
what does smoking and tobacco do to cause periodontal disease
abstructs the blood flow around the teeth
4 common areas of decay
- pits and fissures
- smooth surface area
- root surface caries
- nursing caries (bottle rot)
dental caries
process if demineralization by microorganisms that destroys tooth structure
is infectious and transmissible
what percentage of cavities on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth begin
90%
what percentage of cavities in the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth begin in the pits and fissures
84%
7 factors influencing the various equation
tooth composition
tooth morphology
tooth position
saliva
diet
time
cariogenic bacteria
process of dental decay
bacteria + sugar = acid
Acid + tooth + time = decay
incipient caries
less than half way through the enamel
moderate caries
more than half way through the enamel
severe caries
1/2 way to pulp or in contact with pulp
rampant caries
numerous large caries
arrested caries
demineralization is equal to remineralization but at one point demineralization was greater than remineralization
recurrent caries
new decay under restos
nursing caries
prolonged exposure to milk
from of rampant caries
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