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chemistry inorganics > periodicty > Flashcards

periodicty Flashcards

1
Q

What elements are in Period 2 of the Periodic Table?

A

Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne

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2
Q

What elements are in Period 3 of the Periodic Table?

A

Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar

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3
Q

How does atomic radius change across a period?

A

Atomic radii decrease as you move from left to right.

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4
Q

Why do atomic radii decrease across a period?

A

Increased number of protons creates more positive charge attraction for electrons.
same sheilding

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5
Q

What is the ionic radius trend for Na+, Mg2+, Al3+, Si4+?

A

Ionic radius decreases as the number of protons increases while the number of electrons remains the same.

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6
Q

What happens to the size of positive ions compared to their neutral atoms?

A

Positive ions are smaller than their atoms.

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7
Q

What is the effect of increasing protons on ionic radius?

A

The effective nuclear attraction per electron increases, making ions smaller.

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8
Q

What type of bonding is present in Na, Mg, and Al?

A

Metallic bonding.

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9
Q

What type of structure does silicon (Si) have?

A

Macromolecular structure.

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10
Q

What are the melting and boiling points of simple molecular substances like P4, S8, Cl2?

A

They have low melting and boiling points due to weak van der Waals forces.

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11
Q

Which has a higher melting point, S8 or P4, and why?

A

S8 has a higher melting point because it has more electrons, leading to stronger van der Waals forces.

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12
Q

What is the electrical conductivity trend in metals like sodium, magnesium, and aluminium?

A

Conductivity increases from sodium to aluminium.

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13
Q

What is the first ionisation energy trend across Period 3?

A

It generally increases, with some exceptions.

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14
Q

What happens to the first ionisation energy of phosphorus and sulfur?

A

There is a small drop due to electron pairing in sulfur.

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15
Q

What type of materials are magnesium oxide, aluminium oxide, and silicon dioxide classified as?

A

Ceramics.

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16
Q

What common properties do ceramics have?

A
  • High melting points
  • High strength
  • Low electrical conductivity
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17
Q

What do sodium, magnesium, aluminium, silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur form when they react with oxygen?

A

Oxides.

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18
Q

What is the reaction of sodium with oxygen?

A

4 Na (s) + O2 (g) → 2 Na2O (s)

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19
Q

What is the oxidation number of sodium in Na2O?

A

+1

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20
Q

What is the oxidation number of silicon in SiO2?

A

+4

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21
Q

What type of bonding do metal oxides like Na2O and MgO exhibit?

A

Ionic bonding.

22
Q

How do metal oxides generally behave in reactions with water?

A

They react to form alkaline hydroxides.

23
Q

What is the pH of the solution formed when sodium oxide reacts with water?

24
Q

What do non-metal oxides like P4O10 and SO2 form when they react with water?

25
Q

What happens when P4O10 reacts with water?

A

P4O10 (s) + 6 H2O (l) → 4 H3PO4 (aq) with pH 0.

26
Q

What is the behavior of aluminium oxide in acid-base reactions?

A

It is amphoteric, acting as both an acid and a base.

27
Q

What is the equation for aluminum oxide acting as a base?

A

Al2O3 (s) + 3H2SO4 (aq) → Al2(SO4)3 (aq) + 3H2O (l)

28
Q

What is the general reaction pattern for basic oxides with acids?

A

Acid + Base → Salt + Water.

29
Q

What is the oxidation state of phosphorus in P4O10?

30
Q

What is the main difference between ionic and covalent oxides?

A

Ionic oxides are formed from metals and have high melting points, while covalent oxides are formed from non-metals and have lower melting points.

31
Q

What is the reaction of H2O with NaAl(OH)4?

A

H2O (l) → 2NaAl(OH)4 (aq)

This equation needs learning carefully.

32
Q

What products are formed when Al2O3 reacts with OH- and H2O?

A

2Al(OH)4- (aq)

The reaction is Al2O3 (s) + 2OH- (aq) + 3H2O (l) → 2Al(OH)4- (aq).

33
Q

What is formed when P4O10 reacts with NaOH?

A

4Na3PO4(aq) + 6 H2O (l)

The reaction is P4O10 (s) + 12 NaOH (aq) → 4Na3PO4(aq) + 6 H2O (l).

34
Q

What is the reaction of SO2 with NaOH?

A

Na2SO3 (aq) + H2O (l)

The reaction is SO2 (g) + 2NaOH (aq) → Na2SO3 (aq) + H2O (l).

35
Q

What is the reaction of SO3 with NaOH?

A

Na2SO4 (aq) + H2O (l)

The reaction is SO3 (g) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2SO4 (aq) + H2O (l).

36
Q

What type of structure does SiO2 have?

A

Giant covalent structure

SiO2 has very strong bonds preventing it from dissolving or reacting with water.

37
Q

How does SiO2 react with very concentrated NaOH?

A

Na2SiO3 (aq) + H2O

The reaction is 2NaOH (l) + SiO2 (s) → Na2SiO3 (aq) + H2O.

38
Q

What is the ionic equation for the reaction of P4O10 with OH-?

A

4PO4 3- (aq) + 6 H2O (l)

The ionic reaction is P4O10 (s) + 12 OH- (aq) → 4PO4 3- (aq) + 6 H2O (l).

39
Q

What is formed when SO2 reacts with OH-?

A

SO32- (aq) + H2O (l)

The ionic reaction is SO2 (g) + 2OH- (aq) → SO32- (aq) + H2O (l).

40
Q

What is formed when SO3 reacts with OH-?

A

SO42- (aq) + H2O (l)

The ionic reaction is SO3 (g) + 2OH- (aq) → SO42- (aq) + H2O (l).

41
Q

What type of bonding do sodium and magnesium chlorides exhibit?

A

Ionic

They form ionic giant lattice structures with strong forces of attraction between ions.

42
Q

What is the structure of aluminium chloride?

A

Simple covalent molecule (dimer Al2Cl6)

This is due to the relatively small difference in electronegativity between Al and Cl.

43
Q

What type of structure does SiCl4 have?

A

Simple molecular

SiCl4 has weak intermolecular forces (van der waals) resulting in lower melting points.

44
Q

Why does PCl5 have a higher melting point than expected?

A

It exists as an ionic structure of PCl4+ PCl6- in solid phase

This ionic character contributes to its higher melting point.

45
Q

What happens when ionic chlorides like Na and Mg dissolve in water?

A

Form aqueous ions and neutral solutions

They do not hydrolyse.

46
Q

What is the outcome when covalent chlorides react with water?

A

Hydrolyze to form acidic solutions

Aluminium chloride, for example, dissolves in water to form an acidic solution.

47
Q

What is the reaction of SiCl4 with water?

A

Si(OH)4(s) + 4H+ (aq) + 4Cl- (aq)

The reaction is SiCl4(l) + 4H2O(l) → Si(OH)4(s) + 4H+ (aq) + 4Cl- (aq) with a pH of 0.

48
Q

What is produced from the dissolution of NaCl in water?

A

Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)

The reaction is NaCl (s) + aq → Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) with a pH of 7.

49
Q

What products are formed when MgCl2 dissolves in water?

A

Mg2+ (aq) + 2Cl- (aq)

The reaction is MgCl2 (s) + aq → Mg2+ (aq) + 2Cl- (aq) with a pH of 7.

50
Q

What is the reaction of Al2Cl6 with water?

A

2[Al(H2O)6]3+ (aq) + 6Cl- (aq)

The reaction is Al2Cl6 (s) + 12H2O (l) → 2[Al(H2O)6]3+ (aq) + 6Cl- (aq) with a pH of 3.

51
Q

What does [Al(H2O)6]3+ react with to produce H3O+ ions?

A

[Al(H2O)5(OH)]2+ (aq) + H3O+ (aq)

The reaction is [Al(H2O)6]3+(aq) + H2O (l) → [Al(H2O)5(OH)]2+ (aq) + H3O+ (aq).

52
Q

What is produced when PCl5 reacts with water?

A

H3PO4(aq) + 5H+ (aq) + 5Cl- (aq)

The reaction is PCl5(s) + 4H2O(l) → H3PO4(aq) + 5H+ (aq) + 5Cl- (aq) with a pH of 0.

chemistry inorganics (1 decks)

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