periodicity trends

Question 1

what is ionization energy

Answer 1

energy taken to lose electrons / become a cation

Question 2

what is electromagnetivity

Answer 2

gaining electrons to bond

Question 3

what is atomic radius

Answer 3

distance between the nucleus and the valence electrons

Question 4

what is a shell

Answer 4

orbiting around the nucleus with electrons

Question 5

what happens to atomic radius, electromagnetivity, and ionization energy as you go down groups

Answer 5

atomic radius: increases
Ionization energy: decreases
electromagnevitity: decreases

Question 6

what happens to atomic radius, electromagnetivity, and ionization energy as you go across periods

Answer 6

atomic radius: decrease
ionization energy: increase
electromagnetivity: increase

Question 7

Why does atomic radius decrease by group

Answer 7

protons increase by group, causing a greater pull from nucleus to the electrons. This pulls them in tighter, causing the distance between the nucleus and valence electrons to decrease.

Question 8

why does ionization energy decrease by periods

Answer 8

As periods increase, atomic radius increases and furthers the distance between the protons and valence electrons, causing a smaller force. This means there’s less energy needed to remove the electrons from the atom

Question 9

why does electromagnetivity decrease by period?

Answer 9

as periods increase, atomic radius increases and loses the pull between the nucleus and valence electrons. This causes other elements to easily bond with the electrons

Question 10

why is the radii of cations smaller

Answer 10

the positive charge means theres more protons, which causes a bigger pull that causes the atom to become tighter/smaller

Question 11

why is the radii of anions bigger

Answer 11

more electrons, which means a smaller pull and an increase in distance between the nucleus

Question 12

as you go group by group what happens to the size of an atom

Answer 12

it decreases

Question 13

as you go period by period what happens to the size of an atom

Answer 13

it increases

Question 14

what trend in atomic radius do you notice going down

Answer 14

atomic radius increases due to the increasing amount of electrons shells. this causes attracting force from the protons to decrease and allows for electrons to distance futher away

Question 15

what trend in atomic radius do you notice going horizontal

Answer 15

atomic radius decreases due to the increasing protons but a remaining shell. This means the attraction between the nucleus and electrons is greater, allowing them to be pulled in tighter

Question 16

what trend in ionization happens as you go down

Answer 16

ionization decreases due to the decreasing attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons, meaning there’s less ionization energy needed for the atom to become cation

Question 17

how do you know how many shells an atom has

Question 18

is it easier to form a cation from an element with high ionization or from an element that has low ionization

Answer 18

low ionization energy because low energy means the electrons can easily be seperated, allowing the atom to become a cation easily