periodicity Flashcards
Atomic number
The number of proton in the nucleus of atom.
Mass number
The sum of the number of proton and neutron in the nucleus - also known as nucleon number.
Periodicity
a repeating trend in properties of the elements across each period of the periodic table.
Physical properties
the attraction between the negative electrons in their orbitals, and the positive protons in the nucleus
Chemical properties
physical properties are properties that can be measured without changing the chemical composition of matter.
Electronic configuration
a short-hand representation that shows how electrons occupy sub-shells in an atom.
Sub-shell
a group of orbitals of the same type within a shell.
Orbital
a region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons, with opposite spins.
First ionisation energy
the energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms of an element to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ions.
Second ionisation energy
the energy required to remove one electron from each ion in one mole of gaseous 1+ ions of an element to form one mole of gaseous 2+ ions.
Atomic radius
the size of the atom, typically measured by the distance from the nucleus of the atom to the electron clouds around the nucleus.
Nuclear attraction
the attraction between the negative electrons in their orbitals, and the positive protons in the nucleus.
Shielding effect
the repulsion between electrons in different inner shells. shielding reduces the net attractive forces between the positive nucleus on the outer shell electrons.
Metallic bonding
the electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalised ions
Covalent bonding
the strong electrostatic attraction between shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atom.
Giant covalent lattice
a tree-dimensional structure of atoms, bonded together by strong covalent bonds.
Giant ionic lattice
a three-dimensional structure of oppositely charged ions, bonded together by strong ionic bonds.
Giant metallic lattice
a three-dimensional structure of positive ions and delocalised electron., bonded together by strong metallic bonds.
Melting point
the temperature at which a given solid will melt.
Boiling point
the temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to vapour.
Solubility
the ability to be dissolved, especially in water.
ionic bonding
ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions.
group
a vertical column in the periodic table. elements in a group have similar chemical properties and their atoms have the same number of outer shell electrons.
period
a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table. Elements shows trend in properties across a period.
