Periodicity

Question 1

Properties of Sodium

Answer 1

Metal, Metallic bonding, Shiny when exposed to air, conducts electricity, reacts with dil acids to produce hydrogen and salts

Question 2

Properties of Magnesium

Answer 2

Metal, metallic bonding, shiny when exposed to air, electrical conductor, reacts with dil acids to give hydrogen and salts

Question 3

Properties of Aluminium

Answer 3

Metal, metallic bonding, shiny when exposed to air, electrical conductor, reacts with dil acids to give hydrogen and salts.

Question 4

Properties of Silicon

Answer 4

Semi-Metal, Semi-conductor of heat

Question 5

Properties of Phosphurus

Answer 5

Non-metal, covalent bonding, electrical insulator, low tm and tb.

Question 6

Properties of sulphur

Answer 6

Non, metal, covalent bonding, electrical insulator, low tm and tb.

Question 7

Properties of Argon

Answer 7

Very unreactive, non metal, acts as separate species

Question 8

Properties of chlorine

Answer 8

Low tm/tb, non-metal, non-conductor, covalent

Question 9

Reactions of Sodium:

Answer 9

2Na+2H20—->2NaOH+H2 -HIGH pH due to being v soluble. VIGOROUS FIZZING
2Na+O.5O2—–>Na2O BRIGHT YELLOW FLAME/WHITE SOLID.

Question 10

Reactions of Magnesium

Answer 10

Mg+2H2O(l)—->Mg(OH)2+H2—->water, not very reactive sparingly soluble.

HEAT Mg WITH STEAM
Mg+H2O(g)—->MgO + H2

Mg+0.5O2—–>MgO BRIGHT WHITE FLAME/WHITE POWDER.

Question 11

Reactions of Aluminium

Answer 11

4AL+3O2—->2Al2O3- WHITE POWDER FORMED.

Heated and lowered into gas jar containing O2/

Question 12

Reactions of silicon

Answer 12

Si+O2—->SiO2 strongly heated in oxygen. white powder.

Question 13

Reactions of RED phosphorus

Answer 13

Must be heated before reacting with oxygen.

4P+5O2—->P4O10

Question 14

Reaction of WHITE phosphorus

Answer 14

occurs SPONTANEOUSLY.

4P+5O2—->P4O10

Question 15

Phosphorus product in limited oxygen

Answer 15

P2O3

Question 16

Reactions of Sulphur

Answer 16

Heated then lowered into gas jar of O2
S+O2—>SO2
S+3/2O2—->SO3

Question 17

Reactions of Chlorine

Answer 17

Only with WATER

Cl2+H2O—->HClO+HCL

Question 18

Reactions of Argon

Answer 18

TRICK QUESTION NO REACTION DUE TO CHEMICALLY UNREACTIVE AND SPEARATE ATOMS.

Question 19

Structure of Na2O

Answer 19

Giant ionic lattice,
ionic bonding extends throught the compound
High tM.

Question 20

Structure of MgO

Answer 20

Giant ionic lattice,
Ionic bonding extends throughout the compound.
High tM.

Question 21

Structure of Al2O3

Answer 21

Giant ionic lattice with covalent characteristics as Al3+ is small and highly charged, can approach the O2- very closely and distorts its electron cloud causing sharing of electrons.
Ionic bonding extends throughout compound,
High tM.

Question 22

Structure of SiO2

Answer 22

Giant macromolecular structure
LOTS of covalent bonding, extends throughout compound
High tM

Question 23

Structure of P4O10

Answer 23

Simple molecular structure,
separately covalently bonded molecules
Only has v.d.w and dipole-dipole
Small tm and tb

Question 24

Structure of SO2/SO3

Answer 24

Simple molecular structure
with separately covalently bond molecules
Only has v.d.w and dipole-dipole.
Small tm and tb.
GASES

Question 25

Reactions of Sodium Oxides

Answer 25

WITH WATER: Na2O+H2O---->2Na+ + 2OH- pH 14 WITH ACID e.g. NA2O+H2SO4---->Na2SO4 + H2O SALT + WATER ONLYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Question 26

Reactions of Magnesium Oxides

Answer 26

WITH WATER | MgO+H2O---->Mg(OH)2----> Mg2+ + 2OH-

Question 27

Reactions of Aluminium Oxides

Answer 27

NO REACTION W/WATER AS IONIC LATTICE WITH COVALENT CHARACTERISTICS, BONDS TOO STRONG TO SEPARATE AND INTERACT WITH WATER. AMPHOTERIC: AS BASE Al2O3+ 6HCl---->2AlCl3+3H2O AS ACID: HOT CONC NaOH Al2O3+2NaOH+3H2O---->2NaAl(OH)4

Question 28

Reactions of SiO2

Answer 28

Insoluble in WATER as Covalent bonding is too strong for it to interact with water macromolecular. CaCO3----->CaO+CO2 CaO+SiO2----->CaSiO3

Question 29

Reactions of P4O10

Answer 29

Reacts with Water to form H3PO4 P4O10+6H2O---->4H3PO4 H3PO4------>H+ + H2PO4- Reacts violently with water to form H3PO4- HAS 3OH- GROUPS which reacts with acidic H+ P4O10+6H2O---->4H3PO4-weak acid with strong base H3PO4+NaOH---->NaH2PO4+H2O NaH2PO4+NaOH---->Na2HPO4+H2O Na2HPO4+NaOH---->Na3PO4+H2O

Question 30

Reactions of SO2/SO3

Answer 30

Reacts with water: SO2+H2O---->H2SO3 (Sulfuric IV acid) then dissociates H2SO3----->H+ +HSO3- acidic SO3+H2O---->H2SO4 (sulfuric VI acid) H2SO4----->H+ +HSO4- Reacts with NaOH: SO2+ NaOH----->NaHSO3 NaHSO3+NaOH---->Na2SO3 +H2O CaO+SO2---->CaSO3----->CaSO4

Question 31

Define allotrope

Answer 31

Same element different arrangement of atoms

Question 32

Define amphoteric

Answer 32

Reacts as both acid and base.

Question 33

Na2O might have a yellow colour why?

Answer 33

Reacts to form Na2O2 which has a yellow appearance.

Question 34

Why is MgO less alkaline than Na2O

Answer 34

MgO-sparingly soluble. Na2O-strong base as composed of O2- STRONGLY ATTRACTED TO PROTONS AS MORE NEGATIVE.