Periodic Trends In Bonding And Structure

Question 1

What are all metals at room temperature?

Answer 1

A solid.

Question 2

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 2

The strong electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and negative delocalised electrons.

Question 3

Describe the structure in metallic bonding.

Answer 3

The ions are fixed in position,

Delocalised electrons are mobile and able to move.

Question 4

What is a giant covalent structure?

Answer 4

Many billions of atoms held together by a network of strong covalent bonds to form a giant covalent lattice.

Question 5

What is the arrangement and bond angle in giant covalent structures?

Answer 5

Tetrahedral arrangement,

109.5 degree bond angle.

Question 6

Name the three main properties of giant covalent structures.

Answer 6

High melting and boiling points (strong covalent bonds),
Insoluble in solvents (strong covalent bonds),
Non conductors.

Question 7

Describe and explain the trend in melting points across period 2.

Answer 7

Between Lithium (Li) and Carbon (C) there is a general increase in melting points - these are all giant structures.

Between Nitrogen (N) and Neon (Ne) there is a small general decrease in melting points - these are all simple molecules with weak London forces.