Periodic Trends and Bonding

Question 1

– solid is held together by the electrostatic attraction between cations and anions in a lattice structure

Answer 1

ionic

Question 2

The bonds that hold all the ions together in the crystal lattice are the same as the bonds that hold – together

Answer 2

each pair of ions

Question 3

Ionic bonds are strong and most ionic substances (like NaCl and other salts) are – at room temperature

Answer 3

solid

Question 4

strength of bonds is primarily dependent on the – of ionic charges and to a lesser extent to the size of the ions according to Coulomb’s Law

Answer 4

magnitudes

Question 5

The – the charge, the stronger the force of attraction between the ions

Answer 5

greater

Question 6

The smaller the ions, the – they are attracted to each other

Answer 6

more

Question 7

In a – solid, atoms are connected in a lattice of covalent bonds, meaning that all interactions between atoms are covalent bonds

Answer 7

network

Question 8

Like in an ionic solid, in a network solid the intermolecular forces are identical to the – forces

Answer 8

intramolecular

Question 9

Network solids are very strong and tend to be very – at room temperature (diamonds and quartz)

Answer 9

very hard

Question 10

A sample of – can be thought of as a covalently bound lattice of nuclei and their inner shell electrons, surrounded by a “sea” or “cloud” of electrons

Answer 10

metal

Question 11

In metallic solids, at least one valence electron per atom is not bound to any one particular atom and is free to move throughout the lattice. These free roaming valence electrons are called –

Answer 11

conduction electrons

Question 12

Metals are excellent conductors of electricity and heat and are – and ductile

Answer 12

malleable

Question 13

Metallic bonds vary widely in strength, but almost all metals are – at room temperature

Answer 13

solid

Question 14

The particles at the lattice points of a crystal of a molecular solids are molecules held together by one of three types of intermolecular forces: hydrogen bonds, – forces or London dispersion forces

Answer 14

dipole-dipole

Question 15

The forces of molecular compounds are significantly – than ionic, network or metallic bonds

Answer 15

weaker

Question 16

molecular compounds typically have much – melting and boiling points than ionic, network, and metallic solids

Answer 16

lower

Question 17

molecular solids are often – at room temperature and are more likely to be solids as the strength of their intermolecular forces increase

Answer 17

liquids or gases

Question 18

relatively weak interactions that take place between neutral molecules

Answer 18

intermolecular forces

Question 19

polar molecules are attracted to ions, producing – forces

Answer 19

ion-dipole

Question 20

attractions between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule

Answer 20

dipole-dipole forces

Question 21

strongest dipole-dipole force

Answer 21

hydrogen bonds

Question 22

a permanent dipoles in one molecule may induce a dipole in a neighboring nonpolar molecule, producing a momentary – force

Answer 22

dipole-induced dipole force

Question 23

an instantaneous dipole in a nonpolar molecule may induce a dipole in a neighboring nonpolar molecule, resulting in a – force

Answer 23

London dispersion force

Question 24

London dispersion forces are very weak and – interactions between instantaneous dipoles in non polar molecules

Answer 24

transient

Question 25

All a molecule needs to experience the default London forces is – and the more – it has the greater the force

Answer 25

electrons

Question 26

For nonpolar molecules, – is the only intermolecular force present

Answer 26

London dispersion forces

Question 27

many substances whose molecules experience only dispersion forces are – at room temperature

Answer 27

gases

Question 28

dipole forces, hydrogen bonding, and London forces area ll collectively known as –

Answer 28

van de Waals forces

Question 29

substances with stronger intermolecular forces will exhibit greater melting points, boiling points, viscosities, and – vapor pressure than similar compounds with weaker intermolecular forces

Answer 29

lower

Question 30

hydrogen bonds only occur between the H attached to an N, O, or F and a – on another N, O, or F atom

Answer 30

one pair