Periodic Table Trends and Compounds Study Guide Unit 2

Question 1

Alkali Metals

Answer 1

Group 1A (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) except hydrogen

Question 2

Alkaline Earth Metals

Answer 2

Group 2A (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra)

Question 3

Halogen

Answer 3

Group 7A highly Reactive

Question 4

Noble Gases

Answer 4

Group 8A Highly Unreactive Group

Question 5

Transition Metals

Answer 5

Group B (in the middle)

Question 6

Inner Transition Metals

Answer 6

Group B

Question 7

ionization energy

Answer 7

The energy required to make an ion by removing an electron

Question 8

Cation

Answer 8

Atom or group of atoms that has a positive charge

Question 9

Anion

Answer 9

Atom or group of atoms that has a negative charge

Question 10

Electronegativity

Answer 10

The tendency of atoms of the element to attract electrons

Question 11

Molecule

Answer 11

Combination of a nonmetal and nonmetal NEED PREFIX

Question 12

Formula Unit

Answer 12

Combination of a metal and nonmetal NO PREFIX

Question 13

Ionic Compound

Answer 13

A force that holds oppositely charged particles together

Question 14

Covalent Bond

Answer 14

The bond formed when two nonmetal atoms share electrons

Question 15

Polyatomic Ion

Answer 15

Group of Atoms that have a positive and negative charge

Question 16

octet rule

Answer 16

Atoms react by gaining or losing electrons so as to acquire the stable electron structure of a noble gas usually eight valence electrons

Question 17

Atomic size TRENDS

Answer 17

1. Periodic Trend from LEFT to RIGHT down electrons are the same distance but are closer to the nuclei
2. Group Trend going Down because outer electrons are in further energy levels
3. The radius is C=0.77 A

Question 18

Ionic Size TRENDS

Answer 18

1. Decreases in size from left to right for both cations and anions (periodic)
2. Group trend-increases in size going down

Question 19

When do cations form

Answer 19

when an atom loses electrons

Question 20

When do anions form

Answer 20

when an atom gains electrons

Question 21

Factors of Ionizing Energy

Answer 21

1. number of electrons (further the valence electrons are easier to pull off the electron)
2. Shielding Effect (inner electrons decrease the effective nuclear charge)
3. Size of the Nucleus ( the bigger the stronger the pull)

Question 22

Ionizing Energy TRENDS

Answer 22

1. Periodic- increases from left to right, electrons are the same distance but are pulled tighter by bigger nuclei
2. Group- decreases from top to bottom because electrons are farther away and are shield by inner electrons

Question 23

Electronegativity Trends

Answer 23

1. Periodic- increases from right to left

2. Group- decreases going down

Question 24

Where are Alkali Metals and What are they

Answer 24

ALL the way on the Left (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) DO NOT INCLUDE Hydrogen

Question 25

Where are Alkaline Earth Metals and What are they

Answer 25

The column next to the Alkali Metals ( Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra)

Question 26

Where are Halogens and What are they

Answer 26

5th row in the known metals (F, Cl, Br, I, At)

Question 27

Where are Noble gases and What are they

Answer 27

The last row in the periodic table (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn) Don't combine with any other elements

Question 28

Examples of Metals

Answer 28

Any Alkali metal, Alkaline Earth metal, or Transition metal

Question 29

Properties of Metals

Answer 29

- High Electrical Conductivity - Shiny - Ductile - Malleable

Question 30

Metalloids

Answer 30

Are on the stair line | B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po

Question 31

Properties of Metalloids

Answer 31

Properties of Metals and Non-Metals - shiny or no - ductile - can or cannot conduct electricity

Question 32

Properties of Non-Metals

Answer 32

- Not Shiny - Don't conduct electricity - Many are in GAS form

Question 33

Compare and Contrast Group A and Group B

Answer 33

Group A- Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, and Noble Gases Group B- Transition Metals and Inner Transition Metals

Question 34

Examples of Alloy

Answer 34

any metal

Question 35

Compare and Contrast between Metallic, Covalent, and Ionic Bonds

Answer 35

Metallic bond hold METALS Covalent bonds hold TWO NON-METALS Ionic bonds held by negative or positive atoms or groups

Question 36

Molecule v Formula Unit

Answer 36

Molecule: Non-Metals CO2 NEED PREFIXES Carbon Dioxide | Formula Unit- A metal and Non-Metal NO Prefixes

Question 37

Formulas for the seven Diatomic Elements

Answer 37

``` Hydrogen- H2 Oxygen- O2 Nitrogen- N2 Chloride- Cl2 Bromine- Br2 Iodine- I2 Fluoride- F2 ```

Question 38

Formulas for Acids

Answer 38

ALWAYS H+ State- Aqueous (aq) An Anion

Question 39

An Alloy

Answer 39

Two metals

Question 40

Charges on Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, and Halogens

Answer 40

Alkali- +1 Alkaline- +2 Halogens- 3-