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Chemistry > Periodic Table Test > Flashcards

Periodic Table Test Flashcards

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1
Q

The number of energy levels ___________ going down.

A

increases

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2
Q

What is atomic radius?

A

½ distance between neighboring nuclei in molecule or crystal

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3
Q

What are the two factors that affect atomic radius?

A

of energy levels and proton pulling power

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4
Q

The Atomic radius ___________ going down.

A

increases

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5
Q

As we go across a period, elements are gaining electrons, but still getting smaller. Why?

A

Because the increase in protons (atomic number) gives elements a greater proton pulling power

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6
Q

The atomic radius ___________ going across.

A

decreases

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7
Q

How can we measure Proton Pulling Power?

A

by determining the Effective nuclear charge

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8
Q

What is Effective Nuclear Charge?

A

The charge actually felt by VE

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9
Q

What is the equation for ENC?

A

Nuclear charge - # of inner shell electrons (does not count the VE!)

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10
Q

What do inner shell electrons do?

A

Shield the charge felt by the VE

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11
Q

What are the only two elements whose VE feel the full nuclear charge (pull)

A

H and He

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12
Q

Electron Shielding __________ going down.

A

Increases

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13
Q

What makes an element reactive?

A

Its ability to loose an electron

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14
Q

What is Ionization energy?

A

amount of energy required to remove a valence electron from an atom in gas phase

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15
Q

What’s is 1st Ionization energy?

A

the energy required to remove the most loosely held valence electron (e- farthest from nucleus)

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16
Q

Ionization energy ________ going down.

A

decreased

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17
Q

Ionization energy_________ going across.

A

Increased

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18
Q

What is Electronegativity?

A

ability of atom to attract electrons in bond

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19
Q

Why don’t noble Gasses have electronegativity values?

A

because they tend to not form bonds

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20
Q

What’s the most electronegative element?

A

Flourine

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21
Q

What’s the unit for electronegativity

A

Pauling

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22
Q

Electronegativity _________ going down

A

decreases

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23
Q

Electronegativity ________ going across

A

increases

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24
Q

How do we judge the reactivity of metals?

A

by judging how easily they give up electrons (they are losers)

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25
Q

Metallic character __________ going from right to left

A

decreases

26
Q

Metallic character _________ going down

A

increases

27
Q

How do we judge the reactivity of nonmetals?

A

by how easily they give up electrons (they are winners)

28
Q

Reactivity of nonmetals ________ going up

A

increases

29
Q

What’s the most reactive nonmetal?

A

F

30
Q

Metals tend to have ______ VE

A

1-3

31
Q

Nonmetals tend to have ______ VE

A

5-7

32
Q

Noble Gasses have __ VE

A

8

33
Q

How are cations formed?

A

By the loss of electrons (they’re always smaller than the parent atom)

34
Q

How are anions formed?

A

By the gain of electrons (they’re always larger than the parent atom)

35
Q

What is Coulomb’s law?

A

states that same charges repel and opposite charges attract

36
Q

What’s the formula for Coulomb’s law

A

C = k q1q2/r2

37
Q

Elements in the same columns have…

A

similar physical and chemical properties

38
Q

What are the main group elements?

A

Representative elements

39
Q

What are the transition elements?

A

all metals

40
Q

What are the bottom rows?

A

Inner transition elements; rare earth elements

41
Q

Noble gasses

A

-group 8
-colorless, odorless gasses
-very non-reactive

42
Q

Noble metals

A

-Ru-Ag & OS-Au
-least reactive metals

43
Q

Halogens

A

-group 7
-very reactive nonmetals

44
Q

Most common pure substances are…

A

very poor conductors of electricity (not including metals and graphite) EX: water

45
Q

electrolytes

A

substances that dissolve in water to form a solution that conducts well

46
Q

When dissolved in water, electrolyte compounds break up into

A

component ions

47
Q

ions

A

atoms or groups of atoms that have an electrical charge

48
Q

Metals

A

-malleable and ductile
-conduct electricity and stuff well

49
Q

Metalloids

A

-semimetals
-show some metal and some nonmetal characteristics

50
Q

Nonmetals

A

-brittle
-insulators

51
Q

Most metallic elements are always at the ___________ of the column

A

bottom

52
Q

Metals like to loose electrons, so therefore their reaactivity trend…

A

increases downwards from right to left

53
Q

Nonmetals like to gain electrons, so therefore their reactivity trend…

A

increased upwards from left to right

54
Q

Why do elements in the same family have similar properties?

A

because they have the same number of VE

55
Q

What are the transition metals?

A

-The (d) part of the periodic table
-they’re all solids and metals, meaning they’re also more likely to form covalent bonds

56
Q

What are lanthanides and actinides?

A
  • both silvery metals
    -lanthanides have high melting points
    -actinides are very radioactive
57
Q

What is a periodic law?

A

states that all elements, when listed in order of A# show a variation in atomic structure, and most properties

58
Q

octet principle

A

all atoms want 8VE

59
Q

How are VE determined?

A

determined by the group # (the # of VE is equal to the atoms main group #)

60
Q

What is coulomb’s law used to determine?

A

Which compound has a greater coulombic force (the force of attraction or repulsion between two electrically charged particles)

Chemistry (4 decks)

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