Periodic Table Test Flashcards
How many groups and periods
are there
there are 18 groups and 7 periods in the modern periodic table.
How does a group go
Columns (vertical)
How does a period go
Rows (horizontal)
How is the periodic table organized
-Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
-Elements in the same period do NOT have similar properties
Differences between metals, metalloids, and nonmetals
-metals are shiny, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity.
-Nonmetals are usually dull, brittle, and poor conductors of heat and electricity.
-Metalloids have properties in between metals and nonmetals(Not malleable or ductile, emiconductors)
Element Key
mass on top, atomic number below, charge on right, symbol = letter
Atomic #
protons
Bohr model
two in the first shell, o eight in the second shell, o eight in the third shell.
Bohr model for neutral atoms
same protons as electrons
Bohr model for ions
Add charge in circle/ outside
Valence electrons + trick for knowing them
groups 1,2,13-18 tell u valence/ electrons on outer shell
What is an isotope
each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular, a radioactive form of an element.
How to interpret isotopes
e.g., carbon-14 or C-14
What is an ion
An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge.
Difference between cation/anion and why they are formed
cations are positive ions—they are positively charged because they have lost one or more electrons and therefore have more protons than electrons. Anions are negative ions—they are negatively charged because they have gained one or more electrons and therefore have more electrons than protons.
(cat=PAW-sitive)
Alkali metals (includes what?)
Includes hydrogen
-Soft, silvery, VERY reactive(one valence), low densities
-Do NOT occur alone, occur in compounds
-Make 1+ Cations
alkaline earth metals
- Soft, silvery, also low density
- Not found alone in nature because they are very reactive. They are not as reactive as alkali metals (because they have 2 valence
electrons) - Make 2+ cation
halogens
Extremely reactive
* Form acids when combined with hydrogen
* Only occur as compounds in nature, too reactive to be free elements
Group 17
noble gasses
NOT reactive
* Odorless and colorless
* They are inert: the do not react chemically
Group 18
Tranisition metals
-All are metals
* Includes the REE at the bottom of the periodic table
* Typically form colored compounds
* Less reactive and denser than the alkalis and alkaline metals
Group 3-12
RRE
- Lanthanides and Actinides
- Also transition metals
- Used in many high-tech equipment (IPhone uses 8 REEs)
how to draw Lewis structures from an atom’s valence electrons.
diagrams that represent the valence electrons of atoms within a molecule.
