periodic table of elements Flashcards
who is the father of the periodic table?
Dmitri Mendeleev
what does “periodic” also mean?
“pattern”
how did Dmitri Mendeleev order elements?
based on atomic mass
who made the modern periodic table?
Henry Moseley
what did Henry Moseley change the periodic table to?
changed the order of elements to be organized by atomic number
what does the atomic number determine?
chemical property
what are vertical columns?
groups or families
what are horizontal columns?
rows or periods
what do elements in the same group/family have?
have similar chemical properties
where is the location of metals?
to the left of the metalloids
what metal is not solid at room temp?
Mercury
what are the 5 main characteristics of metals?
- lustrous (shiny)
- malleable (hammered without breaking)
- ductile (drawn into thin wire)
- good conductors for heat & electricity
- forms cations
what happens in cations?
lose electrons and become positively charged
where is the location of nonmetals?
right to the metalloids
what element is not right to the metalloids, but included in the nonmetal group?
Hydrogen
what are the 4 main characteristics of nonmetals?
- dull
- poor conductors
- solids are brittle (easy to break)
- forms anions
what happens in anions?
gain electrons and become negatively charged
what are the 2 other terms for metalloids?
- “semimetals”
- “stair step elements”
what are the properties of metalloids?
includes both properties of metals and nonmetals
what group are the alkali metals?
1A
what element is excluded in the alkali metals group?
Hydrogen
alkali metals are the most ________ metals
reactive
how many valence electrons are in alkali metals?
1
how is the reactivity for Hydrogen?
very reactive
Hydrogen shows properties most similar to what group?
nonmetal
what group is 2A?
alkaline earth metals
how many valence electrons in alkaline earth metals?
2
what are the groups 3-12 called?
transition metals
what are the 2 groups of inner transition metals?
- Lanthanides
- Actinides
inner transition metals are what type of elements?
radioactive
what is group 7A called?
halogens
what group is the most reactive nonmetals?
halogens
how many valence electrons do halogens have?
7
the noble gases are in which group?
8A
which group is the least reactive elements?
noble gases
what are inert gases?
chemically inactive gases, so no chemical reactions
how many valence electrons does group 8A have?
a full valence electron shell, 8 valence electrons
which element in the noble gases does not have a total of 8 valence electrons?
Helium has 2 valence electrons
how are diatoms remembered?
start at 7, make a 7, Hydrogen is the weird one
what are diatoms?
the elements that are only stable as 2 atoms of the same or different chemical elements
what are the 7 diatomic elements?
- Br2 = Bromine
- I2 = Iodine
- Cl2 = Chlorine
- O2 = Oxygen
- H2 = Hydrogen
- F2 = Fluorine
- N2 = Nitrogen
what are the 7 metalloids?
- boron
- silicon
- germanium
- arsenic
- antimony
- tellurium
- polonium
what are the 2 elements that are liquid at room temp?
- mercury
- bromine
what are the 10 elements that are gases at room temp?
- hydrogen
- neon
- oxygen
- nitrogen
- fluorine
- chlorine
- helium
- argon
- krypton
- xenon
what are the 18 non metals of the periodic table?
- hydrogen
- carbon
- nitrogen
- oxygen
- fluorine
- phosphorous
- sulfur
- chlorine
- selenium
- bromine
- iodine
- astatine
- helium
- neon
- argon
- krypton
- xenon
- radon
what are the 6 alkali metals?
- lithium
- sodium
- potassium
- rubidium
- cesium
- francium
what are the 6 alkaline earth metals?
- beryllium
- magnesium
- calcium
- strontium
- barium
- radium
what are the 5 halogens on the periodic table?
- fluorine
- chlorine
- bromine
- iodine
- astatine
what are the 6 noble gases?
- neon
- helium
- argon
- krypton
- xenon
- radon
what are the 7 remaining elements not in a group/family?
- aluminum
- gallium
- indium
- tin
- thallium
- lead
- bismuth
what are the inert gases?
8A noble gases
