Periodic Table & Equation

Question 1

Halogens

Answer 1

• Group 7
• Reactivity = F > Cl > Br > I > At
• Cl = MP: -101°C BP: -35°C State at 20°C: Gas
• Br = MP: -7°C BP: 58°C State at 20°C: Liquid
• I = MP: 114°C BP: 183°C State at 20°C: Solid
• Diatomic structure
• Same electron configuration
• gains electrons ( more electronegative down the periodic)
• Darker colour

Question 2

Noble Gases

Answer 2

• Group 0
• Complete outer electron levels
• All non-metal, found in the air, colourless gasses
• Argon is extracted from air in largest amounts in fractional distilation
• Helium is used in balloons, very light / non flamable
• Neon in neon light signs, Gives right kind of light
• Argon in household lamps, provide unreactive atmosphere
• Krypton and Xenon in specialised lamps good light, no heat
• Radon in Radiotherapy because its radioactive

Question 3

Lithium, Sodium and Potassium ( Alkali Metals )

Answer 3

• Group 1
• Reactive metals
• Produce hydroxides and hydrogen with water
• fizzes with water
• Hydroxides = Bases
• Trend in melting point
• Stored in Oil so they don’t react with the air
• Reactivity increases down the group
• All have 1 outer electron
• Gets more reactive because atoms get bigger and electrons further out get weaker

Question 4

What process is used to separate gases from liquid air?

Answer 4

Fractional Distilation, all gases have different boiling points so each gas is taken from the liquid when the liquid is at different temperatures.

Question 5

Clean air composition?

Answer 5

79% nitrogen, 20% oxygen and 1% mixture of noble gases, water vapour and CO2

Question 6

Oxy-fuel welding

Answer 6

The oxygen isn’t the fuel, it combines with fuel to produce the heat for welding

Question 7

Amphoteric oxides ?

Answer 7

Al2O3 & ZnO

Question 8

Ph for each oxide

Answer 8

Na2O = 14
MgO = 10
Al203 & ZnO = 7
CO2 = 5
P203 = 2
SO2 = 2

Question 9

Oxides ?

Answer 9

1. Oxides of metals will neutralise acids and more reactive oxides create a solution in the water.
2. Most oxides of non-metals are acidic
3. If a non-metal oxide isn’t acidic, it is neutral

Question 10

Equation

Answer 10

g—- / by g/mol—> mole —– x or nothing or / —> mole —-> x by g/mol—-> g