Periodic Table And Trends

Question 1

Atomic Radius

Answer 1

Measurement of 1/2 the distance between the centers of 2 atoms within the same element.

• decreases left to right on periodic table*
• increase top to bottom on periodic table*

Note: increasing (-) charge, hence the addition of electrons, will increase atomic radius

Question 2

Ionic Radius

Answer 2

Measurement of 1/2 the distance between the centers of 2 ions of an atom within the same element.

• metal ionic radii increases moving away from metalloid line*
• non-metal ionic radii increasing moving toward metalloid line*

Question 3

Ionization Energy (IE)

Answer 3

Energy required to move an electron from the valence shell of a gaseous species.

• increases left to right on periodic table*
• decreases top to bottom on periodic table*

Question 4

Electron Affinity (EA)

Answer 4

Energy release when gaseous species gains an electron in its valence shell.

• increases left to right on periodic table*
• decreases top to bottom on periodic table*

Question 5

Electronegativity (EN)

Answer 5

Measurement of the attractive force that an atom will exert on an electron in a chemical bond.

• increases left to right on periodic table*
• decreases top to bottom on periodic table*

Note: Fluorine (F) is the most electronegative element

Question 6

Group 1: Alkali Metals

Answer 6

• Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
• 1 valence electron
• react with water to form metal hydroxides
• react with oxygen to form metal oxides
• react with halogens to form ionic salts

Note: reactivity increases down the group (Li

Question 7

Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals

Answer 7

• Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
• 2 valence electrons
• react with water to form metal hydroxides (except Be)
• react with oxygen to form metal oxides
• react with halogens to form metal halides

Note: reactivity increases down the group (Be

Question 8

Group 3-12: The Transition Metals

Answer 8

• Tungsten has the highest M.P. of any metallic element
• Fe, Co, Ni are magnetic metals
• Oxidation ranges from -3 to +7
• Hg is the only metal that is liquid at room temp
• Transition metals form colored compounds

Question 9

Group 13: The Icosagens

Answer 9

• B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Uut
• 3 valence electrons
• React with oxygen to form metal oxides
• Boron is a metalloid and the only non-metal in group

Question 10

Group 14: The Crystallogens

Answer 10

• C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Fl
• 4 valence electrons
• form hydrides with hydrogen

Question 11

Effective Nuclear Charge (Zeff)

Answer 11

The electrostatic attraction between valence shell electrons and nucleus. Influential of both atomic and ionic radii.

increases left to right on periodic table