Periodic table and bonding

Question 1

Element

Answer 1

An element cannot be broken down from a chemical reaction and its smallest part is an atom. There are 92 elements and 92 atoms, but 118 total elements as some are synthesized in a lab. The lightest element is hydrogen and the heaviest is uranium. Lanthanides (57 to 71) and Actinides (89 - 103) are cut and put on the bottoms separately to save space. The vertical column is called a group. A group have elements that are a family. Hydrogen is not part of any group. The diagonal band (13-17) divides metals and non-metals, It contains semi-metals. The horizontal columns are called periods and have the same amount of shells.

Question 2

Compound

Answer 2

When 2 elements are bonded with a chemical reaction they create a compound.

Question 3

Atomic number

Answer 3

The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the atom. In a given element all atoms have the same atomic number, every element has a different atomic number.

Question 4

What is Atomic mass?

Answer 4

Atomic mass is the number of neutrons and protons in an atom. Electrons are not counted as they have very little weight. Due to isotopes, the atomic number of each atom in an element may vary.

Question 5

What is Isotopes?

Answer 5

Isotopes are when atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons. This mostly occurs naturally. Chemical properties don’t change as the same number of protons and electrons are there

Question 6

Describe the properties of a metal

Answer 6

Metals are usually:
Shiny and strong
Malleable (when crushed go in plates)
A good conductor
Can be magnetic
Metal + oxygen = Magneiesm oxide

Question 7

Describe the properties of a non-metal

Answer 7

Non-Metals are usually:
Insulators
no ringing when we hit
look dull
1/2 of non-metals are solids 1/2 gasses and 1 liquid (bromine)
Weak
Non-Metals + O2 = non-metal oxide

Question 8

What is the electronic structure of an atom?

Answer 8

The electronic structure was created by Neil Bhor. The outermost energy level can have more than 8 electrons. The formula for the number of atoms in an energy level is 2n squared = 2 * (n*n)

Question 9

Periods and energy levels

Answer 9

The first period will have 1 energy level the second will have 2 and so on.

Question 10

Families/Groups

Answer 10

A group have elements that are a family. Hydrogen is not part of any group. The outermost shell has the same electrons as others in a family/group.

Question 11

What is a Chemical bond

Answer 11

A chemical bond is the force of attraction between atoms to share/transfer electrons for stability. There are 3 types of bonds - Covalent bond, Ionic bond and Metallic bond.
They can be bonded chemically creating a compound with the same ratio’s as the atom/ion
They can also be bonded non-chemically as a mixture with the same properties and any proportion
The octet rule states that an atom is most balanced when there are 8 electrons in the outer shell.

Question 12

What is an Ionic bond?

Answer 12

An Ionic bond occurs when one element donates electron/s for a full outer shell.

Question 13

What is a Covalent bond?

Answer 13

A covalent bond shares electrons and the electrons are counted as owned by both atoms, this also happens so the atoms can have a full outer shell.

Question 14

What is a Metallic bond

Answer 14

A metallic bond is the force of attraction between two metals ions and valence electrons.