Periodic table and atoms Flashcards
How do you determine whether an element is a metal or non-metal?
Metals lie on the left-hand side of the periodic table. There is a zig-zag line separating them from the non-metals
What are the names for Group 1, Group 7, and Group 0 elements, and describe their reactivity?
Group 1 elements are called the Alkali Metals and are reactive.
Group 7 elements are called Halogens and are very reactive.
Group 0 elements are called the noble Gases and are very unreactive.
What do elements in the same group have?
they have the same number of outer electrons, so have similar chemical properties.
Describe the 3 sub-atomic particles in terms of mass, charge, and location
Protons have a mass of 1, a charge of 1+, and are located inside the nucleus.
Neutrons have a mass of 1, a charge of 0, and are located inside the nucleus.
Electrons have a mass of almost 0, a charge of 1-, and are located in energy levels outside the nucleus.
Describe the significance of Rutherford’s Gold Foil experiment
Rutherford’s experiment concluded that the centre of the atom has a positive charge with the rest of the atom being mostly empty space. He also found that the nucleus contains protons and neutrons with electrons orbiting the outside of the nucleus.
Define the atomic number
the atomic number is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.
Define the mass number
The mass number is equal to the number of protons added to the number of neutrons
Explain why atoms are neutral
Atoms are neutral because they contain the same number of protons as electrons
Use nuclide notation to determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in an atom.
The number of protons is equal to the atomic number.
The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons.
The number of neutrons is equal to the mass number - the atomic number.
What’s the definition of an isotope?
Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number and a different mass number.
Describe the information obtained from a mass spectrometer
Scientists use a mass spectrometer to find:
- the number of isotopes present
- the mass of each isotope
- the relative proportion of each isotope as a percentage
What is meant by relative atomic mass?
The relative atomic mass is the average mass of the isotopes in a sample of an element.
What is the definition of an ion?
An ion is a charged atom. They are formed when ions gain or lose electrons.
Explain how to determine the charge of an ion
To determine how many electrons are gained/lost you can use the electron arrangements in the data booklet, page 6.
