Periodic Table Flashcards
How do the boiling and melting points of Group 1 metals change down the group?
- Size of cations increases while charge of cation remains the same.
- Less energy is required to overcome
- the weaker electrostatic forces of attraction between the metal cations and ‘sea’ of delocalised mobile valence electrons
How does reactivity change down Group 1?
- The size of atoms increases
- The weaker electrostatic forces of attraction between the nucleus and the valence electron
- makes it easier for each metal atom to lose its valence ions.
- Hence reactivity increases
How do the melting point and boiling point of halogen changes down the group?
- The molecular mass(Mr) of the molecule increases.
- Hence, more energy is required to
- overcome the stronger intermolecular forces of attraction between the halogen molecules.
- Hence, boiling point and melting point increases
How does the reactivity of halogens change down the group?
- Size of atoms increases
- Electrostatic forces of attraction between the nucleus and the electron to be added to the valence shell gets weaker.
- Hence it is harder for the halogen atom to attract an electron
- Reactivity of elements decreases.
What are the 4 properties of transition elements?
- High melting and boiling point
- High density (more tightly packed due to stronger metallic bonds)
- Variable oxidation states
- Form coloured compounds
What is the colour of Fluorine in
i) gas form
ii) aqueous solution
iii) in hexane
i) pale yellow gas
ii) colourless
iii) colourless
What is the colour of Chlorine in
i) gas form
ii) aqueous solution
iii) in hexane
i) greenish-yellow gas
ii) pale yellow
iii) pale yellow
What is the colour of Bromine in
i) liquid/gas form
ii) aqueous solution
iii) in hexane
i) reddish-brown liquid/gas
ii) orange
iii) orange-red
What is the colour of Iodine in
i) solid/gas form
ii) aqueous solution
iii) in hexane
i) black solid/ purple gas
ii) brown
iii) purple
