Periodic Table

Question 1

Are groups vertical or horizontal?

Answer 1

vertical columns

Question 2

Are periods vertical or horizontal?

Answer 2

horizontal rows

Question 3

Are vertical columns groups or periods?

Answer 3

groups

Question 4

Are horizontal rows groups or periods?

Answer 4

periods

Question 5

Define: atom

Answer 5

the smallest particle an element can exist

Question 6

Define: molecule

Answer 6

a group of atoms bonded together

Question 7

Define: element

Answer 7

a pure substance made up of only one type of atom

Question 8

Define: compound

Answer 8

a pure substance made of more than one type of atom

Question 9

Define: valence shell

Answer 9

The outermost shell of an atom

Question 10

Define: valence electrons

Answer 10

The electron in the outermost shell of an atom

Question 11

Describe the characteristics of Group I

Answer 11

Alkali Metals - very reactive, shiny and soft, increases in reactivity as you move down the group

Question 12

Describe the characteristics of Group II

Answer 12

Alkali Earth Metals - fairly reactive, silver and shiny and soft

Question 13

Describe the characteristics of Group VII

Answer 13

Halogens - highly reactive, exist as diatomic molecules

Question 14

Describe the characteristics of Group VIII

Answer 14

Noble Gases - inert (nonreactive), colourless and odourless

Question 15

Describe the atomic radius trend in a period

Answer 15

Decreases across the row (left to right)

Question 16

Describe the atomic radius trend in a group

Answer 16

Doubles down a group

Question 17

State the octet rule

Answer 17

Atoms tend to gain or lose valence electrons to achieve 8 electrons in the outer shell and hence become stable

Question 18

Do non-metals gain or lose electrons?

Answer 18

non-metals gain electrons

Question 19

Do metals gain or lose electrons?

Answer 19

metals lose electrons

Question 20

Define: ion

Answer 20

an atom that becomes charged due to gaining or losing electrons

Question 21

Define: anion

Answer 21

a negatively charged ion due to gaining electrons

Question 22

Define: cation

Answer 22

a positively charged ion due to losing electrons

Question 23

Define: ionic bonding

Answer 23

a bond between a non-metal and a metal, formed by the transfer of electrons to form an octet

Question 24

Define: covalent bonding

Answer 24

a bond between two non-metals, formed by the sharing of valence electrons to form an octet

Question 25

Define: metallic bonding

Answer 25

a bond between two metals, formed by electrons creating a ‘cloud’

Question 26

Define: valency

Answer 26

number of electrons in the outermost shell