Periodic Table Flashcards
Are groups vertical or horizontal?
vertical columns
Are periods vertical or horizontal?
horizontal rows
Are vertical columns groups or periods?
groups
Are horizontal rows groups or periods?
periods
Define: atom
the smallest particle an element can exist
Define: molecule
a group of atoms bonded together
Define: element
a pure substance made up of only one type of atom
Define: compound
a pure substance made of more than one type of atom
Define: valence shell
The outermost shell of an atom
Define: valence electrons
The electron in the outermost shell of an atom
Describe the characteristics of Group I
Alkali Metals - very reactive, shiny and soft, increases in reactivity as you move down the group
Describe the characteristics of Group II
Alkali Earth Metals - fairly reactive, silver and shiny and soft
Describe the characteristics of Group VII
Halogens - highly reactive, exist as diatomic molecules
Describe the characteristics of Group VIII
Noble Gases - inert (nonreactive), colourless and odourless
Describe the atomic radius trend in a period
Decreases across the row (left to right)
Describe the atomic radius trend in a group
Doubles down a group
State the octet rule
Atoms tend to gain or lose valence electrons to achieve 8 electrons in the outer shell and hence become stable
Do non-metals gain or lose electrons?
non-metals gain electrons
Do metals gain or lose electrons?
metals lose electrons
Define: ion
an atom that becomes charged due to gaining or losing electrons
Define: anion
a negatively charged ion due to gaining electrons
Define: cation
a positively charged ion due to losing electrons
Define: ionic bonding
a bond between a non-metal and a metal, formed by the transfer of electrons to form an octet
Define: covalent bonding
a bond between two non-metals, formed by the sharing of valence electrons to form an octet
Define: metallic bonding
a bond between two metals, formed by electrons creating a ‘cloud’
Define: valency
number of electrons in the outermost shell
