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Chemisty > Periodic Table > Flashcards

Periodic Table Flashcards

0
Q

What did Dobereiner realize about calcium, strontium and barium?

A

All three elements have similar properties

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1
Q

Who was the first person to create a periodic table?

A

Johann Dobereiner

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2
Q

What is the Periodic Table?

A

A representation of the classification and organization of the elements based on their properties

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3
Q

What are triads?

A

Groups of three elements with the same difference in relative atomic number

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4
Q

Who invented triads?

A

Johann Dobenierner

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5
Q

What is the the law of octaves?

A

When elements are placed in groups of eight on order or increasing atomic mass there is a periodic repetition in the properties of the elements

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6
Q

Who was the final person to create a periodic table?

A

Dimitri Mendeleev

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7
Q

What was special about Mendeleev’s Periodic Table?

A

He organized the elements on their similar chemical properties

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8
Q

Who had created a Periodic table at the same time as Mendeleev?

A

Lothon Mayer

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9
Q

Why was Mayer not recognized for his Periodic Table?

A

Because Mendeleev was first to publish his periodic table

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10
Q

What was the difference between Mendeleev’s Periodic table and Mayer’s?

A

Mendeleev organized the elements based on similar chemical properties while Mayer organized his on relative atomic masses

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11
Q

What is Mendeleev’s Periodic Law?

A

When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass there will be a periodic repetition in the chemical properties of the elements

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12
Q

Why was Mendeleev’s table more successful than his predecessors?

A
  1. Knew More Elements
  2. Left spaces for elements and did not try to put them in places they did not belong based on their properties
  3. Predict properties of undiscovered elements
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13
Q

What was the problem with Mendeleev’s periodic table?

A

Anomalies! Some elements such as nickel and cobalt in the table did not fit into Mendeleev’s law

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14
Q

Who discovered the solution to Mendeleev’s anomalies?

A

Robert Mosley

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15
Q

How did Mosley solve Mendeleev’s anomalies?

A

He bombarded measured emission x-rays with different cathode rays and discovered that the wavelengths decreased with atomic number. The anomalies disappeared when placed in increasing ATOMIC NUMBER

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16
Q

What is modern periodic law?

A

The arrangement of elements in increasing atomic number, creating a periodic repetition in chemical properties of elements

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17
Q

What accounts for the chemical properties of an atom?

A

The valance electron structure

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18
Q

Why are elements placed in a family?

A

They have the same electron structure

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19
Q

What are physical properties?

A

Related to the type of bonds between atoms, molecules and ions

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20
Q

What is the electron dot Lewis structure?

A

A short form for representing atoms

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21
Q

What does kernel represent?

A

The nucleus and inner electrons

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22
Q

What factors affect atomic volume?

A

Number of shells
Atomic number
Screening or shielding effect

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23
Q

How does the number of shells affect the atomic volume?

A

As the number of shells increase the atomic volume will increase

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24
Q

How does the atomic number affect the atomic volume?

A

As the atomic number increases the attraction of the electrons toward the nucleus will increase causing the atomic volume to decrease

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25
Q

How does the screening or shielding effect affect the atomic volume?

A

The presence of inner electrons will decrease the attraction of the valance electron to the nucleus causing the atomic volume to increase

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26
Q

What is the trend of the atomic volume within a family?

A

With the increase of atomic number there is an increase in atomic volume because each additional element will have an extra shell. There is as well an increase in the shielding effect due to the the increased effect of inner electrons.

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27
Q

What is the trend of the atomic volume within a period?

A

With the increasing atomic number the atomic volume initially decreased and then towards the end of the row begins to increase. The initial decrease in volume is due to the increasing number of protons in the nucleus.

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28
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom with a net charge

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29
Q

How are ions made?

A

Ions are produced through the adding or removing of an electron from the atom or proton from the nucleus

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30
Q

What are poly atomic ions?

A

Two or more ions bonded together with a net charge

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31
Q

What is the law of the teenager?

A

To seek the path of minimum energy

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32
Q

What is first stage ionization?

A

The minimum amount of energy required to remove a valance electron from a gaseous atom in the ground state

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33
Q

What factors does ionization energy depend on?

A

Atomic number
Shield or screening effect
Distance of the valence electrons from nucleus( number of shells)
Number of valance electrons

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34
Q

How does the atomic number affect the ionization potential?

A

As the atomic number increases there will be increased attraction of the valance electron to the nucleus causing ionization potential to increase

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35
Q

How does the screening or shielding effect impact the ionization potential?

A

As the number of inner electrons increase the effective attraction of the nucleus on the valance electron will decrease causing the ionization potential to decrease

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36
Q

How does distance affect the ionization potential?

A

As the distances increases the attractive forces decrease and ionization potential decreases

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37
Q

How does the number of valance electrons impact the ionization potential?

A

Complete valance shells cause an atom to be extremely stable making it difficult to remove a valance electron this results in an increased ionization potential

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38
Q

What is the second stage ionization energy?

A

The minimum required energy to remove the most energetic valance electron from a gaseous singly charged ion in ground state

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39
Q

What methods are used to ionize an atom?

A

Electric current
Heat
Light

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40
Q

What is ionization?

A

Extreme case of energization of the atom or ion

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41
Q

What accounts for the chemical properties of an atom?

A

The valance electron structure

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42
Q

Why are elements placed in a family?

A

They have the same electron structure

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43
Q

What are physical properties?

A

Related to the type of bonds between atoms, molecules and ions

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44
Q

What is the electron dot Lewis structure?

A

A short form for representing atoms

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45
Q

What does kernel represent?

A

The nucleus and inner electrons

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46
Q

What factors affect atomic volume?

A

Number of shells
Atomic number
Screening or shielding effect

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47
Q

How does the number of shells affect the atomic volume?

A

As the number of shells increase the atomic volume will increase

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48
Q

How does the atomic number affect the atomic volume?

A

As the atomic number increases the attraction of the electrons toward the nucleus will increase causing the atomic number to decrease

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49
Q

How does the screening or shielding effect affect the atomic volume?

A

The presence of inner electrons will decrease the attraction of the valance electron to the nucleus causing the atomic volume to increase

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50
Q

What is the trend of the atomic volume within a family?

A

With the increase of atomic number there is an increase in atomic volume because each additional element will have an extra shell. There is as well an increase in the shielding effect due to the the increased effect of inner electrons.

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51
Q

What is the trend of the atomic volume within a period?

A

With the increasing atomic number the atomic volume initially decreased and then towards the end of the row begins to increase. The initial decrease in volume is due to the increasing number of protons in the nucleus.

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52
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom with a net charge

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53
Q

How are ions made?

A

Ions are produced through the adding or removing of an electron from the atom or proton from the nucleus

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54
Q

What are poly atomic ions?

A

Two or more ions bonded together with a net charge

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55
Q

What is the law of the teenager?

A

To seek the path of minimum energy

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56
Q

What is first stage ionization?

A

The minimum amount of energy required to remove a valance electron from a gaseous atom in the ground state

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57
Q

What factors does ionization energy depend on?

A

Atomic number
Shield or screening effect
Distance of the valence electrons from nucleus( number of shells)
Number of valance electrons

58
Q

How does the atomic number affect the ionization potential?

A

As the atomic number increases there will be increased attraction of the valance electron to the nucleus causing ionization potential to increase

59
Q

How does the screening or shielding effect impact the ionization potential?

A

As the number of inner electrons increase the effective attraction of the nucleus on the valance electron will decrease causing the ionization potential to decrease

60
Q

How does distance affect the ionization potential?

A

As the distances increases the attractive forces decrease and ionization potential decreases

61
Q

How does the number of valance electrons impact the ionization potential?

A

Complete valance shells cause an atom to be extremely stable making it difficult to remove a valance electron this results in an increased ionization potential

62
Q

What is the second stage ionization energy?

A

The minimum required energy to remove the most energetic valance electron from a gaseous singly charged ion in ground state

63
Q

What methods are used to ionize an atom?

A

Electric current
Heat
Light

64
Q

What is ionization?

A

Extreme case of energization of the atom or ion

65
Q

What accounts for the chemical properties of an atom?

A

The valance electron structure

66
Q

Why are elements placed in a family?

A

They have the same electron structure

67
Q

What are physical properties?

A

Related to the type of bonds between atoms, molecules and ions

68
Q

What is the electron dot Lewis structure?

A

A short form for representing atoms

69
Q

What does kernel represent?

A

The nucleus and inner electrons

70
Q

What factors affect atomic volume?

A

Number of shells
Atomic number
Screening or shielding effect

71
Q

How does the number of shells affect the atomic volume?

A

As the number of shells increase the atomic volume will increase

72
Q

How does the atomic number affect the atomic volume?

A

As the atomic number increases the attraction of the electrons toward the nucleus will increase causing the atomic number to decrease

73
Q

How does the screening or shielding effect affect the atomic volume?

A

The presence of inner electrons will decrease the attraction of the valance electron to the nucleus causing the atomic volume to increase

74
Q

What is the trend of the atomic volume within a family?

A

With the increase of atomic number there is an increase in atomic volume because each additional element will have an extra shell. There is as well an increase in the shielding effect due to the the increased effect of inner electrons.

75
Q

What is the trend of the atomic volume within a period?

A

With the increasing atomic number the atomic volume initially decreased and then towards the end of the row begins to increase. The initial decrease in volume is due to the increasing number of protons in the nucleus.

76
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom with a net charge

77
Q

How are ions made?

A

Ions are produced through the adding or removing of an electron from the atom or proton from the nucleus

78
Q

What are poly atomic ions?

A

Two or more ions bonded together with a net charge

79
Q

What is the law of the teenager?

A

To seek the path of minimum energy

80
Q

What is first stage ionization?

A

The minimum amount of energy required to remove a valance electron from a gaseous atom in the ground state

81
Q

What factors does ionization energy depend on?

A

Atomic number
Shield or screening effect
Distance of the valence electrons from nucleus( number of shells)
Number of valance electrons

82
Q

How does the atomic number affect the ionization potential?

A

As the atomic number increases there will be increased attraction of the valance electron to the nucleus causing ionization potential to increase

83
Q

How does the screening or shielding effect impact the ionization potential?

A

As the number of inner electrons increase the effective attraction of the nucleus on the valance electron will decrease causing the ionization potential to decrease

84
Q

How does distance affect the ionization potential?

A

As the distances increases the attractive forces decrease and ionization potential decreases

85
Q

How does the number of valance electrons impact the ionization potential?

A

Complete valance shells cause an atom to be extremely stable making it difficult to remove a valance electron this results in an increased ionization potential

86
Q

What is the second stage ionization energy?

A

The minimum required energy to remove the most energetic valance electron from a gaseous singly charged ion in ground state

87
Q

What methods are used to ionize an atom?

A

Electric current
Heat
Light

88
Q

What is ionization?

A

Extreme case of energization of the atom or ion

89
Q

What accounts for the chemical properties of an atom?

A

The valance electron structure

90
Q

Why are elements placed in a family?

A

They have the same electron structure

91
Q

What are physical properties?

A

Related to the type of bonds between atoms, molecules and ions

92
Q

What is the electron dot Lewis structure?

A

A short form for representing atoms

93
Q

What does kernel represent?

A

The nucleus and inner electrons

94
Q

What factors affect atomic volume?

A

Number of shells
Atomic number
Screening or shielding effect

95
Q

How does the number of shells affect the atomic volume?

A

As the number of shells increase the atomic volume will increase

96
Q

How does the atomic number affect the atomic volume?

A

As the atomic number increases the attraction of the electrons toward the nucleus will increase causing the atomic number to decrease

97
Q

How does the screening or shielding effect affect the atomic volume?

A

The presence of inner electrons will decrease the attraction of the valance electron to the nucleus causing the atomic volume to increase

98
Q

What is the trend of the atomic volume within a family?

A

With the increase of atomic number there is an increase in atomic volume because each additional element will have an extra shell. There is as well an increase in the shielding effect due to the the increased effect of inner electrons which reduces the effective attraction of the protons in the nucleus on the valence electrons

99
Q

What is the trend of the atomic volume within a period?

A

With the increasing atomic number the atomic volume initially decreased and then towards the end of the row begins to increase. The initial decrease in volume is due to the increasing number of protons in the nucleus. Towards the end of the row the increase of electrons increases mutual repulsion between the valance electron cause them to move further apart and increase the atomic radius.

100
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom with a net charge

101
Q

How are ions made?

A

Ions are produced through the adding or removing of an electron from the atom or proton from the nucleus

102
Q

What are poly atomic ions?

A

Two or more ions bonded together with a net charge

103
Q

What is the law of the teenager?

A

To seek the path of minimum energy

104
Q

What is first stage ionization?

A

The minimum amount of energy required to remove a valance electron from a gaseous atom in the ground state

105
Q

What factors does ionization energy depend on?

A

Atomic number
Shield or screening effect
Distance of the valence electrons from nucleus( number of shells)
Number of valance electrons

106
Q

How does the atomic number affect the ionization potential?

A

As the atomic number increases there will be increased attraction of the valance electron to the nucleus causing ionization potential to increase

107
Q

How does the screening or shielding effect impact the ionization potential?

A

As the number of inner electrons increase the effective attraction of the nucleus on the valance electron will decrease causing the ionization potential to decrease

108
Q

How does distance affect the ionization potential?

A

As the distances increases the attractive forces decrease and ionization potential decreases

109
Q

How does the number of valance electrons impact the ionization potential?

A

Complete valance shells cause an atom to be extremely stable making it difficult to remove a valance electron this results in an increased ionization potential

110
Q

What is the second stage ionization energy?

A

The minimum required energy to remove the most energetic valance electron from a gaseous singly charged ion in ground state

111
Q

What methods are used to ionize an atom?

A

Electric current
Heat
Light

112
Q

What is ionization?

A

Extreme case of energization of the atom or ion

113
Q

What factors affect the ionization energy?

A

Distance
Atomic number
Screening or shielding effect
Valence shell or sub shell complete

114
Q

How does distance affect the ionization energy?

A

As distance from the nucleus increases the attraction of the nucleus on the valance electron decreases causing a decrease in ionization potential

115
Q

How does the atomic number affect the ionization potential?

A

As the atomic number increases the attraction of the nucleus on the valance electrons increase causing an increase in ionization potential

116
Q

How does the screening or shielding effect impact the ionization energy?

A

As the number of inner electrons increase the net attraction of the valance electron to the nucleus will decrease causing the ionization potential to decrease

117
Q

How does a complete valance or sub shell affect the ionization energy?

A

Lends the unusual stability to the atom or ion

118
Q

What is the trend of the ionization potential within a family?

A

When the atomic number increases the first ionization potential decreases

119
Q

What is the trend for ionization potential within a period?

A

As the atomic number increases the ionization potential increases as well . While the atomic number is increasing there will be an increase in protons and the distance of the valance electron from the nucleus is decreasing

120
Q

How to from a negative ion?

A

Add electron to the atom

121
Q

What is electron affinity?

A

The amount of energy released when an atom gains an electron to form a negative ion

122
Q

What is electron affinity associated with?

A

Non-metals excluding the noble gases

123
Q

What factors affect the magnitude of electron affinity?

A

Atomic number and atomic size

124
Q

What atom has the highest electron affinity?

A

Fluorine

125
Q

How do you know what atoms have high electron affinity?

A

The electron affinity increases as you go from the left side to the right side of the periodic table and as you go from the bottom to the top

126
Q

What is isoelectronic?

A

Two particles with the same electron structure

127
Q

What factors affect the ionization energy?

A

Distance
Atomic number
Screening or shielding effect
Valence shell or sub shell complete

128
Q

How does distance affect the ionization energy?

A

As distance from the nucleus increases the attraction of the nucleus on the valance electron decreases causing a decrease in ionization potential

129
Q

How does the atomic number affect the ionization potential?

A

As the atomic number increases the attraction of the nucleus on the valance electrons increase causing an increase in ionization potential

130
Q

How does the screening or shielding effect impact the ionization energy?

A

As the number of inner electrons increase the net attraction of the valance electron to the nucleus will decrease causing the ionization potential to decrease

131
Q

How does a complete valance or sub shell affect the ionization energy?

A

Lends the unusual stability to the atom or ion

132
Q

What is the trend of the ionization potential within a family?

A

When the atomic number increases the first ionization potential decreases

133
Q

What is the trend for ionization potential within a period?

A

As the atomic number increases the ionization potential increases as well . While the atomic number is increasing there will be an increase in protons and the distance of the valance electron from the nucleus is decreasing

134
Q

How to from a negative ion?

A

Add electron to the atom

135
Q

What is electron affinity?

A

The amount of energy released when an atom gains an electron to form a negative ion

136
Q

What is electron affinity associated with?

A

Non-metals excluding the noble gases

137
Q

What factors affect the magnitude of electron affinity?

A

Atomic number and atomic size

138
Q

What atom has the highest electron affinity?

A

Fluorine

139
Q

How do you know what atoms have high electron affinity?

A

The electron affinity increases as you go from the left side to the right side of the periodic table and as you go from the bottom to the top

140
Q

What is isoelectronic?

A

Two particles with the same electron structure

141
Q

What is a period?

A

The horizontal rows in which the elements are placed in the periodic table

142
Q

What is a group?

A

Elements with similar properties arranged in a vertical column of the periodic table

Chemisty (1 decks)

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