Periodic Table Flashcards
Group 1
Alkali Metals
lustrous, soft, and highly reactive metals
readily lose 1 electron to form +1 cation
stored in oil to prevent air oxidation
found naturally in salts
Group 2
Alkaline earth metals
lustrous, silver-colored, reactive to metals
react with water to form alkaline hydroxides (except Be)
readily lose their outermost electrons to form +2 cation
some occur naturally as free elements, while some are found in rocks and minerals
Groups 3 -12
elements with partially-filled d subshell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d subshell
also known as the d-block elements
less reactive than group 1 & 2 metals, have higher melting points and densities
Lanthanides
Rare earth elements
also known as inner transition metals and the f-block elements
silver-colored, metallic elements found in Earth’s crust minerals
form stable +3 ions, amny of which are colored
Actinides
dense, radioactive metals, many of which are unstable
some have oxidation states of varying colors, through all form stable +3 ions
most are produced synthetically
some are named after famous scientists
Transactinides (104Rf to 118Og)
synthetic, radioactive and very unstable elements
most exist for only fractions of a second
element 113- nihonium
element 114- moscovium
element 117- tennessine
element 118- oganesson
Group 13
Boron Group (Icosagens)
all are metals except Boron, a metalloid forming +3 ions
have low melting points and poor hardness
react with oxygen to form oxides
Group 14
Carbon Group (Crystallogens)
composed of metals, metalloids and nonmetals
all have four valence electrons
form hydrides with hydrogen and tetrahalides with halogens and a variety of oxides with oxygen
Group 15
Nitrogen Group (Pnictogens)
composed of metals, metalloids and nonmetals
all have five valence electrons
all are solids
form hydrides, oxides, and halides
Group 16
Oxygen Group (Chalcogens)
composed of electronegative nonmetals and metalloids
six valence electrons
Electronegative nonmetals react with metals to form -2 ions
all are solids (except oxygen)
Group 17
ony group that contains elements in all 3 states of matter (at room temp, iodine and astatine are solids, bromine is liquid, and Fluorine and Chlorine are gases)
all form diatomic molecules (except Astatine)
all are reactive nonmetals
all have seven valence electrons
Group 18
composed of nonmetals that are monoatomic
all are colorless gases but when ionized, they emit bright colors, as seen in neon signs
all have complete outer shell electrons, which is why they exhibit very low chemical reactivity
characterized by their ability to conduct heat and electricity, high melting and boiling points, and malleability
metals
generally poor conductors of heat and electricity, and they have low melting and boiling points
nonmetals
these elements have properties that are intermediate between metals and nonmetals. are semiconductors, meaning they can conduct electricity under certain conditions, which makes them useful in electronics
metalloids
