periodic table Flashcards
What are alkali metal properties
Soft and low melting points
What is group 1 called
Alkali metals
Why is group 1 very reactive
It’s really easy to lose their electron
What happens in a reaction with sodium and water
Fizz furiously and melt in the heat of the reaction
What does a reaction with alkali metal and water produce
Hydrogen gas and hydroxide of the metal
What happens in a reaction with lithium and water
Fizz furiously
What happens in a reaction with potassium and water
Fizz violently, melt in the heat of the reaction, ignites the hydrogen gas
What happens with reactivity of group 1 as you go down the group
Reactivity increases
Word equation for reaction between sodium and water
2Na + 2H2O - 2NaOH + H2
What is the colour and physical state of chlorine
Green gas
What is the colour and physical state of bromine
Red brown liquid which gives off orange vapour at room temperature
What is the colour and physical state of iodine
Dark grey solid which gives a purple vapour when heated
How can you test for predict properties of halogens
Melting point increases and colours of the halogens get darker down the group
What is group 7 called
Halogens
What is the chemical test for chlorine
Hold a piece of damp blue litmus paper
Chlorine will bleach the paper and turn it white may also turn red
How does reactivity decrease down the group in group 7
Harder to attract the extra electron to fill the outer shell when it’s further away from the nucleus
What do hydrogen and halogens form
Hydrogen halides
What are hydrogen halides (property)
Soluble - dissolve in water to form acidic solutions
What are halogen displacement reactions
Redox reactions
What is oxidised and what is reduced in a halogen displacement reaction
Halogens gain electrons (reduced)
Halide ions lose electrons (oxideation)
What happens when you have potassium chloride solution with chlorine water
No reaction
What happens when you have potassium bromide solution with chlorine water
Orange solution formed
What happens when you have potassium iodide solution with chlorine water
Brown solution formed
What happens when you have potassium chloride solution with bromine water
No reaction
What happens when you have potassium bromide solution with bromine water
No reaction
What happens when you have potassium iodide solution with bromine water
Brown solution formed
What happens when you have potassium chloride/ potassium bromide/ potassium iodide solution with iodine water
No reaction
A student added a few drops of a halogen solution to a potassium iodide solution. The solution turned brown. Explain what the student should do to help him identify the halogen solution.
He should add a few drops of the solution to a bromine salt solution. If the solution turns orange, the halogen solution contains chlorine. If there is no reaction, the halogen solution contains bromine.
What are noble gases inert
Full outer shell
What is group 0 called
Noble gases
What can argon (group 1) be used for
- filament lamps because it’s not flammable/ stops the very hot filament lamp from burning away
What can argon and helium be used for
Protect metals that are being welded - the inner atmosphere stops the hot metal reacting with oxygen
What can helium be used for?
In airships and party balloons. Helium has a lower density than air.- makes balloons float. It is also non-flammable which makes it safer to use and hydrogen gas.
What increases as you go down group 0?
Boiling point, melting point and density
Use the densities of helium (0.2kg m) and argon (1.8kg m) to predict the density of mass
(0.2 + 1.8) / 2 = 2.0 / 2 =1.0
The melting point of the first four noble gases are
Helium = -272°C
Neon = -249°C
Argon = -189°C
Krypton = -157°C
Predict the melting point of xenon
Any melting point between -150°C and 80°C
