Periodic Table Flashcards
What are the properties of the alkali metals?
They are soft, have a low density and a low melting point and are very reactive
What do alkali metals react the most with?
Water, Oxygen and Halogens
How does reactivity change going down group 1?
It increases
What are the trends in melting and boiling points as you go down group 1?
They decrease
How many electrons do alkali metals have in their outer shell?
1
What ion does an alkali metal form?
A 1+ ion
Why does reactivity increase as you go down group 1?
The atoms radius gets bigger, so the outermost shell gets further away from the nucleus, weakening the attractive force between the 2, meaning the electron can be lost more easily, increasing the atom and thus the elements reactivity.
What type of compound do you get when an alkali metal reacts with a non-metal?
An ionic compound
What happens when an alkali metal reacts with water?
It reacts vigorously, to form a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas
What is special from the reactions with water of potassium and more reactive metals?
It ignites the hydrogen gas produced
What happens when an alkali metal reacts with chlorine gas?
It forms a metal chloride, which is white
What happens when an alkali metal reacts with oxygen?
It forms a metal oxide
What could form when sodium reacts with oxygen?
Sodium oxide or sodium peroxide
What is the formula for sodium peroxide?
Na2O2
What could form when potassium reacts with oxygen?
Potassium peroxide or potassium super oxide
What is the formula for potassium peroxide?
K2O2
What is the formula for potassium super oxide?
KO2
What is fluorine at room temperature?
A poisonous, yellow gas that is very reactive
What is chlorine at room temperature?
A poisonous, green gas that is less reactive than fluorine
What is bromine at room temperature?
A poisonous, brown liquid that gives of an orange vapour
What is iodine at room temperature?
A grey solid, that can form poisonous purple vapours - also an antisceptic
What is special about the way halogens exist on their own?
They exist as diatomic molecules
Why do halogens exist as diatomic molecules?
So they have full outer shells
What is a diatomic molecule?
When 2 atoms of the same element join together to form a molecule with a full outer shell
What happens to melting and boiling points as you go down group 7?
They increase
What happens to reactivity as you go down group 7?
They decrease
Why does reactivity decrease as you go down group 7?
The radius of the atom gets bigger, meaning the outer shell is further away from the nucleus, meaning it is further away from the nucleus and thus the forces of attraction between the two are weakened, meaning more energy is required for an electron to join the outer shell, meaning it is less reactive.
What do you call the ion of a halogen?
A halide
What colour are Halide Salts?
Colourless
What colour is Bromine Water?
Orange
What colour is Chlorine Water?
Colourless
What colour is Iodine Water?
Brown
What are redox reactions?
When oxidation and reduction happen at the same time in a reaction
What is reduction in terms of oxygen?
The loss of oxygen
What is oxidation in terms of oxygen?
The gain of oxygen
What is reduction in terms of electrons?
The gain of electrons
What is oxidation in terms of electrons?
The loss of electrons
