Periodic Table Flashcards
Describe how the elements are arranged in groups and periods in the periodic table.
The chemical elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. The horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical columns are called groups. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties. This is because they have the same number of outer electrons and the same valency.
How and why have the ordering of the elements in the periodic table changed over time.
The periodic table is continually being changed as new discoveries are made and new theories are developed to explain the behavior of chemicals.
describe how the electronic structure of metals and non-metals are different.
Atoms of metal elements give away electrons in their reactions to form positive ions. The ions formed have a full outer electron shell, so are very stable. Atoms of reactive non-metal elements gain electrons in some of their reactions to form negative ions.
describe how electronic structure is linked to the periodic table
The number of electrons in the outer energy level of an atom tells us the group number, while the number of energy levels tells us the period number.
What is the trend in noble gasses boiling point
They are very low
What are the first three elements in group 1
- Lithium
- Sodium
- Potassium
How can you describe Group 1 metals as having a low density?
The metals have a low enough desnity that the first three (lithium, sodium and potassium) are able to float on water.
explain how Group 1 metals form ions with a +1 charge when they react with non-metals.
All alkali metals have 1 electron in their outermost shell. During this reaction the alkali metal X loses the electron in its outermost shell and forms a +1 ion.
write word equations from descriptions of how Group 1 metals react with water.
hydrogen gas is given off and the metal hydroxide is produced.
Describe how you can show that hydrogen and metal hydroxides are made when Group 1 metals react with water.
You can test for hydrogen by using a lit splint – you will hear a squeaky pop. If you place Universal Indicator into the water after it has reacted with the alkali metal - it will turn blue or purple. This is because metal hydroxides are alkaline.
justify how Group 1 metals are stored and the safety precautions used when dealing with them.
To minimize contact with oxygen and water, alkali metals must be stored in an airtight container under mineral oil and/or under an inert gas, such as argon.
Name the first four elements in Group 7
- fluorine
- chlorine
- bromine
- iodine
