Periodic table Flashcards
How and it what order are the elements in the periodic table arranged?
The elements are in order of increasing atomic number (nuclear charge). They are also arranged in groups (vertical) and in periods (horizontal)
What do the periods and groups determine?
The period number states the number of occupied main energy levels and the valence shell. max. 7
The group number determines the number of valence electrons (no. of electrons in the outermost shell) max. 18 groups
Elements in the same group have similar physical and chemical properties.
What are the four blocks and what type of elements can be found in them?
The s-block elements occupy groups 1 and 2 (alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, most reactive)
The p-block elements occupy groups 13-18 (non-metals and metalloids. Group 17: halogens. Group 18: Noble gases
The d-block elements occupy groups 3-12 (transition metals, relatively stable) (zinc exception)
The f-block elements occupy the actinides (all radioactive) and the lanthanides (rare earth metals)
What do the blocks in the periodic table tell us?
The blocks in which the elements are located tells is which sub-level is in the process of being filled.
It is the last letter in the electron configuration
How do you find the position of an element by using the electron configuration?
The period is determined by the highest coefficient of the configuration.
The block in which the element is positioned is determined by the last written letter.
The group is determined by the valence electrons (power, the small number). For the p-block it is n+12 (n being the last small number given). For d-block it is n+2 to give the group
What is important to remember in the electron configuration?
If it is 3d^ and then 4s^. The element is positioned in the d-block as the 4s sub-level fills first
